diff --git a/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop.go b/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff5ab31e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package weed_server
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/blockvol"
+)
+
+// minHeartbeatInterval is the minimum allowed heartbeat interval.
+// Prevents time.NewTicker panics from zero/negative values.
+const minHeartbeatInterval = time.Millisecond
+
+// BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector periodically collects block volume status
+// and delivers it via StatusCallback. Standalone — does not touch the
+// existing gRPC heartbeat stream. When proto is updated, the callback
+// will be wired to stream.Send().
+type BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector struct {
+	blockService *BlockService
+	interval     time.Duration
+	stopCh       chan struct{}
+	done         chan struct{}
+	stopOnce     sync.Once
+	started      atomic.Bool // BUG-CP4B2-1: tracks whether Run() was called
+
+	// StatusCallback is called each tick with collected status.
+	StatusCallback func([]blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage)
+}
+
+// NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector creates a collector that calls
+// StatusCallback every interval with the current block volume status.
+// Intervals ≤ 0 are clamped to minHeartbeatInterval (BUG-CP4B2-2).
+func NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(
+	bs *BlockService, interval time.Duration,
+) *BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector {
+	if interval <= 0 {
+		interval = minHeartbeatInterval
+	}
+	return &BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector{
+		blockService: bs,
+		interval:     interval,
+		stopCh:       make(chan struct{}),
+		done:         make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// Run blocks until Stop() is called. Collects status on each tick.
+func (c *BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector) Run() {
+	c.started.Store(true)
+	defer close(c.done)
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(c.interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			msgs := c.blockService.Store().CollectBlockVolumeHeartbeat()
+			c.safeCallback(msgs)
+		case <-c.stopCh:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// safeCallback invokes StatusCallback with panic recovery (BUG-CP4B2-3).
+func (c *BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector) safeCallback(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+	if c.StatusCallback == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Printf("block heartbeat: callback panic: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	c.StatusCallback(msgs)
+}
+
+// Stop signals Run() to exit and waits for it to finish.
+// Safe to call even if Run() was never started (BUG-CP4B2-1).
+func (c *BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector) Stop() {
+	c.stopOnce.Do(func() { close(c.stopCh) })
+	if !c.started.Load() {
+		return // Run() never started — nothing to wait for.
+	}
+	<-c.done
+}
diff --git a/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop_test.go b/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e37c1d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/server/block_heartbeat_loop_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+package weed_server
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/blockvol"
+)
+
+// ─── QA adversarial tests (CP4b-2) ───────────────────────────────────────────
+// 9 tests exercising edge cases and concurrency in BlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector.
+// Bugs found: BUG-CP4B2-1 (Stop before Run), BUG-CP4B2-2 (zero interval),
+// BUG-CP4B2-3 (callback panic). All fixed.
+
+// --- Stop lifecycle (3 tests) ---
+
+// TestBlockQA_StopBeforeRun_NoPanic verifies Stop() returns promptly
+// when Run() was never called (BUG-CP4B2-1 regression).
+func TestBlockQA_StopBeforeRun_NoPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	// Never call Run(). Stop must not deadlock.
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		collector.Stop()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// ok — Stop returned without deadlock
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("BUG-CP4B2-1: Stop() before Run() deadlocked (blocked >2s on <-c.done)")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlockQA_DoubleStop verifies calling Stop() twice doesn't panic
+// or deadlock (sync.Once + closed done channel).
+func TestBlockQA_DoubleStop(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+	// Second Stop must return immediately (done already closed).
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		collector.Stop()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("second Stop() deadlocked")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlockQA_StopDuringCallback verifies Stop() waits for an in-flight
+// callback to finish before returning.
+func TestBlockQA_StopDuringCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var entered atomic.Bool
+	var finished atomic.Bool
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 5*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		entered.Store(true)
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond) // slow callback
+		finished.Store(true)
+	}
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Wait for callback to enter.
+	deadline := time.After(2 * time.Second)
+	for !entered.Load() {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatal("callback never entered")
+		case <-time.After(time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+
+	collector.Stop()
+	// After Stop returns, the callback must have finished.
+	if !finished.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("Stop() returned before callback finished")
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Interval edge cases (2 tests) ---
+
+// TestBlockQA_ZeroInterval_Clamped verifies zero interval doesn't panic
+// (BUG-CP4B2-2 regression) and the collector still ticks.
+func TestBlockQA_ZeroInterval_Clamped(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var count atomic.Int64
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 0)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+	}
+	go collector.Run()
+	defer collector.Stop()
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	if count.Load() < 1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least 1 callback with clamped zero interval")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlockQA_NegativeInterval_Clamped verifies negative interval doesn't
+// panic and is clamped to minimum.
+func TestBlockQA_NegativeInterval_Clamped(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var count atomic.Int64
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, -5*time.Second)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+	}
+	go collector.Run()
+	defer collector.Stop()
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	if count.Load() < 1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least 1 callback with clamped negative interval")
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Callback edge cases (3 tests) ---
+
+// TestBlockQA_CallbackPanic_Survives verifies a panicking callback doesn't
+// kill the collector goroutine (BUG-CP4B2-3 regression).
+func TestBlockQA_CallbackPanic_Survives(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var panicked atomic.Bool
+	var afterPanic atomic.Int64
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		if !panicked.Load() {
+			panicked.Store(true)
+			panic("test panic in callback")
+		}
+		afterPanic.Add(1)
+	}
+	go collector.Run()
+	defer collector.Stop()
+
+	// Wait for post-panic callbacks.
+	deadline := time.After(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for afterPanic.Load() < 1 {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatal("BUG-CP4B2-3: collector goroutine died after callback panic")
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlockQA_SlowCallback_NoAccumulation verifies that a slow callback
+// doesn't cause tick accumulation — ticks are dropped while callback runs.
+func TestBlockQA_SlowCallback_NoAccumulation(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var count atomic.Int64
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 5*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond) // 10× the tick interval
+	}
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+	// With 50ms sleep per callback over 200ms, expect ~4 callbacks, not 40.
+	n := count.Load()
+	if n > 10 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ≤10 callbacks (slow callback), got %d — tick accumulation?", n)
+	}
+	if n < 1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least 1 callback")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBlockQA_CallbackSetAfterRun verifies setting StatusCallback after
+// Run() has started still works on the next tick.
+func TestBlockQA_CallbackSetAfterRun(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	// StatusCallback left nil initially.
+	go collector.Run()
+	defer collector.Stop()
+
+	// Let a few nil-callback ticks fire.
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Now set the callback.
+	var called atomic.Bool
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		called.Store(true)
+	}
+
+	deadline := time.After(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	for !called.Load() {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatal("callback set after Run() was never called")
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Concurrency (1 test) ---
+
+// TestBlockQA_ConcurrentStop verifies multiple goroutines calling Stop()
+// simultaneously all return cleanly without panic or deadlock.
+func TestBlockQA_ConcurrentStop(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	const n = 10
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			collector.Stop()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("concurrent Stop() deadlocked")
+	}
+}
+
+// newTestBlockService creates a BlockService with one block volume for testing.
+func newTestBlockService(t *testing.T) *BlockService {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	createTestBlockVolFile(t, dir, "hb-test.blk")
+	bs := StartBlockService("127.0.0.1:0", dir, "iqn.2024-01.com.test:vol.")
+	if bs == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil BlockService")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(bs.Shutdown)
+	return bs
+}
+
+func TestBlockCollectorPeriodicTick(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var calls [][]blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		calls = append(calls, msgs)
+		mu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	defer collector.Stop()
+
+	// Wait up to 3× interval for ≥2 callbacks.
+	deadline := time.After(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	for {
+		mu.Lock()
+		n := len(calls)
+		mu.Unlock()
+		if n >= 2 {
+			break
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-deadline:
+			mu.Lock()
+			n = len(calls)
+			mu.Unlock()
+			t.Fatalf("expected ≥2 callbacks, got %d", n)
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify at least one callback delivered volume info.
+	mu.Lock()
+	first := calls[0]
+	mu.Unlock()
+	if len(first) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 volume info, got %d", len(first))
+	}
+	if first[0].Path == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty path in volume info")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBlockCollectorStopNoLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+
+	var count atomic.Int64
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Let it tick a few times.
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Stop must return promptly (Run goroutine exits).
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		collector.Stop()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// ok
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Stop() did not return within 2s — goroutine leak")
+	}
+
+	// After stop, no more callbacks should fire.
+	snapshot := count.Load()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	if count.Load() != snapshot {
+		t.Fatal("callback fired after Stop()")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBlockCollectorNilCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	// StatusCallback intentionally left nil.
+
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Let it tick — should not panic.
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	collector.Stop()
+}
diff --git a/weed/server/qa_block_heartbeat_loop_test.go b/weed/server/qa_block_heartbeat_loop_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..927173cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/server/qa_block_heartbeat_loop_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+package weed_server
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/storage/blockvol"
+)
+
+func TestQABlockHeartbeatCollector(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		run  func(t *testing.T)
+	}{
+		// --- Stop lifecycle ---
+		{name: "stop_before_run_deadlocks", run: testStopBeforeRunDeadlocks},
+		{name: "double_stop_no_panic", run: testDoubleStopNoPanic},
+		{name: "stop_during_callback", run: testStopDuringCallback},
+
+		// --- Interval edge cases ---
+		{name: "zero_interval_panics", run: testZeroIntervalPanics},
+		{name: "very_short_interval", run: testVeryShortInterval},
+
+		// --- Callback edge cases ---
+		{name: "callback_panic_crashes_goroutine", run: testCallbackPanicCrashesGoroutine},
+		{name: "callback_slow_blocks_next_tick", run: testCallbackSlowBlocksNextTick},
+		{name: "callback_set_after_run", run: testCallbackSetAfterRun},
+
+		// --- Concurrency ---
+		{name: "concurrent_stop_calls", run: testConcurrentStopCalls},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tt.run(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Stop lifecycle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func testStopBeforeRunDeadlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	// BUG-CP4B2-1: Stop() before Run() blocks forever on <-c.done.
+	// done channel is unbuffered and only closed by Run()'s defer.
+	// If Run() never starts, Stop() hangs.
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	stopped := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		collector.Stop()
+		close(stopped)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-stopped:
+		// Good: Stop() returned. Bug is fixed.
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Error("BUG-CP4B2-1: Stop() before Run() deadlocked (blocked >2s on <-c.done)")
+		// We can't recover from this -- the goroutine is leaked.
+		// Start Run() to unblock.
+		go collector.Run()
+		<-stopped
+	}
+}
+
+func testDoubleStopNoPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// First stop.
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	// Second stop should not panic (sync.Once + closed done channel).
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			if r := recover(); r != nil {
+				t.Errorf("double Stop() panicked: %v", r)
+			}
+			close(done)
+		}()
+		collector.Stop()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("double Stop() blocked >2s")
+	}
+}
+
+func testStopDuringCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+
+	callbackStarted := make(chan struct{})
+	callbackRelease := make(chan struct{})
+
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		select {
+		case callbackStarted <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+		<-callbackRelease
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Wait for callback to start.
+	select {
+	case <-callbackStarted:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		close(callbackRelease)
+		t.Fatal("callback never started")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Stop while callback is blocked. Stop should block until Run() exits.
+	stopDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		collector.Stop()
+		close(stopDone)
+	}()
+
+	// Stop should be blocked because callback is still running.
+	select {
+	case <-stopDone:
+		close(callbackRelease)
+		// Stop returned while callback was blocked -- this means Run()
+		// exited mid-callback? Let's see...
+		t.Log("Stop() returned while callback was blocked (Run exited between ticks)")
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		// Expected: Stop is blocked because Run() is in the callback.
+		// Actually, Run()'s select will pick stopCh on the NEXT iteration,
+		// not mid-callback. So callback must complete first.
+		close(callbackRelease)
+		<-stopDone
+		t.Log("Stop() waited for callback to finish before returning (correct)")
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Interval edge cases
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func testZeroIntervalPanics(t *testing.T) {
+	// BUG-CP4B2-2 (fixed): zero interval is clamped to minHeartbeatInterval.
+	// Verify: no panic, collector runs normally, callbacks fire.
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 0)
+
+	var count atomic.Int64
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	n := count.Load()
+	if n < 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected at least 1 callback with clamped interval, got %d", n)
+	}
+	t.Logf("zero interval (clamped): %d callbacks in 30ms", n)
+}
+
+func testVeryShortInterval(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var count atomic.Int64
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 1*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	n := count.Load()
+	if n < 5 {
+		t.Errorf("expected >= 5 callbacks at 1ms interval over 50ms, got %d", n)
+	}
+	t.Logf("1ms interval: %d callbacks in 50ms", n)
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Callback edge cases
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func testCallbackPanicCrashesGoroutine(t *testing.T) {
+	// BUG-CP4B2-3 (fixed): safeCallback recovers panics. Run() continues.
+	// Verify: panic is logged, collector keeps running, subsequent callbacks fire.
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+
+	var callCount atomic.Int64
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		n := callCount.Add(1)
+		if n == 1 {
+			panic("deliberate test panic in callback")
+		}
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Wait for multiple callbacks (first panics, subsequent should still fire).
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	n := callCount.Load()
+	if n < 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected >= 2 callbacks (first panics, rest recover), got %d", n)
+	}
+	t.Logf("callback panic recovery: %d callbacks total (first panicked, rest recovered)", n)
+}
+
+func testCallbackSlowBlocksNextTick(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	var count atomic.Int64
+
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		count.Add(1)
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond) // 5x the interval
+	}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	n := count.Load()
+	// With 50ms callback sleep and 10ms interval, we should get ~4 callbacks
+	// (200ms / 50ms), not 20 (200ms / 10ms). Slow callback blocks the loop.
+	if n > 8 {
+		t.Errorf("expected slow callback to throttle ticks, got %d callbacks", n)
+	}
+	t.Logf("slow callback: %d callbacks in 200ms (10ms interval, 50ms callback)", n)
+}
+
+func testCallbackSetAfterRun(t *testing.T) {
+	// Setting StatusCallback after Run() starts -- data race?
+	// The field is read without sync in Run(). This documents the behavior.
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	// Start with nil callback.
+
+	go collector.Run()
+
+	// Set callback after Run started. Under -race, this would flag a data race.
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	var called atomic.Bool
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {
+		called.Store(true)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	collector.Stop()
+
+	t.Logf("callback set after Run: called=%v", called.Load())
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Concurrency
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func testConcurrentStopCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	bs := newTestBlockService(t)
+	collector := NewBlockVolumeHeartbeatCollector(bs, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	collector.StatusCallback = func(msgs []blockvol.BlockVolumeInfoMessage) {}
+
+	go collector.Run()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// 10 goroutines all calling Stop concurrently.
+	var wg atomic.Int64
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Add(-1)
+			collector.Stop()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		for wg.Load() > 0 {
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+		}
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// All returned.
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("concurrent Stop() calls blocked >5s")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/weed/server/volume_server_block.go b/weed/server/volume_server_block.go
index 273b5928d..bb8c2554b 100644
--- a/weed/server/volume_server_block.go
+++ b/weed/server/volume_server_block.go
@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ func StartBlockService(listenAddr, blockDir, iqnPrefix string) *BlockService {
 	return bs
 }
 
+// Store returns the underlying BlockVolumeStore.
+func (bs *BlockService) Store() *storage.BlockVolumeStore {
+	return bs.blockStore
+}
+
 // Shutdown gracefully stops the iSCSI target and closes all block volumes.
 func (bs *BlockService) Shutdown() {
 	if bs == nil {