add design for mq balancer

weed/mq/balancer/balancer.go

@@ -12,6 +12,23 @@ const (
 	LockBrokerBalancer = "broker_balancer"
 )
 
+// Balancer collects stats from all brokers.
+//
+//	When publishers wants to create topics, it picks brokers to assign the topic partitions.
+//	When consumers wants to subscribe topics, it tells which brokers are serving the topic partitions.
+//
+// When a partition needs to be split or merged, or a partition needs to be moved to another broker,
+// the balancer will let the broker tell the consumer instance to stop processing the partition.
+// The existing consumer instance will flush the internal state, and then stop processing.
+// Then the balancer will tell the brokers to start sending new messages in the new/moved partition to the consumer instances.
+//
+// Failover to standby consumer instances:
+//
+//	A consumer group can have min and max number of consumer instances.
+//	For consumer instances joined after the max number, they will be in standby mode.
+//
+//	When a consumer instance is down, the broker will notice this and inform the balancer.
+//	The balancer will then tell the broker to send the partition to another standby consumer instance.
 type Balancer struct {
 	Brokers cmap.ConcurrentMap[string, *BrokerStats]
 }