diff --git a/test/volume_server/http/admin_test.go b/test/volume_server/http/admin_test.go
index be4445ebc..6dde9c20d 100644
--- a/test/volume_server/http/admin_test.go
+++ b/test/volume_server/http/admin_test.go
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ func TestAdminStatusAndHealthz(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("create status request: %v", err)
 	}
-	statusReq.Header.Set(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader, "test-request-id-1")
-
 	statusResp := framework.DoRequest(t, client, statusReq)
 	statusBody := framework.ReadAllAndClose(t, statusResp)
 
@@ -34,8 +32,8 @@ func TestAdminStatusAndHealthz(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := statusResp.Header.Get("Server"); !strings.Contains(got, "SeaweedFS Volume") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected /status Server header to contain SeaweedFS Volume, got %q", got)
 	}
-	if got := statusResp.Header.Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader); got != "test-request-id-1" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected echoed request id, got %q", got)
+	if got := statusResp.Header.Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader); got == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected server-generated request id in response header")
 	}
 
 	var payload map[string]interface{}
@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ func TestAdminStatusAndHealthz(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	healthReq := mustNewRequest(t, http.MethodGet, cluster.VolumeAdminURL()+"/healthz")
-	healthReq.Header.Set(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader, "test-request-id-2")
 	healthResp := framework.DoRequest(t, client, healthReq)
 	_ = framework.ReadAllAndClose(t, healthResp)
 	if healthResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
@@ -58,8 +55,8 @@ func TestAdminStatusAndHealthz(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := healthResp.Header.Get("Server"); !strings.Contains(got, "SeaweedFS Volume") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected /healthz Server header to contain SeaweedFS Volume, got %q", got)
 	}
-	if got := healthResp.Header.Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader); got != "test-request-id-2" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected /healthz echoed request id, got %q", got)
+	if got := healthResp.Header.Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader); got == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected /healthz server-generated request id in response header")
 	}
 
 	uiResp := framework.DoRequest(t, client, mustNewRequest(t, http.MethodGet, cluster.VolumeAdminURL()+"/ui/index.html"))
diff --git a/weed/iam/error_response_test.go b/weed/iam/error_response_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e008c157..000000000
--- a/weed/iam/error_response_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package iam
-
-import (
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestErrorResponseXMLUsesTopLevelRequestId(t *testing.T) {
-	errCode := "NoSuchEntity"
-	errMsg := "the requested IAM entity does not exist"
-
-	resp := ErrorResponse{
-		RequestId: "request-123",
-	}
-	resp.Error.Type = "Sender"
-	resp.Error.Code = &errCode
-	resp.Error.Message = &errMsg
-
-	output, err := xml.Marshal(resp)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	xmlString := string(output)
-	errorIndex := strings.Index(xmlString, "<Error>")
-	requestIDIndex := strings.Index(xmlString, "<RequestId>request-123</RequestId>")
-
-	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, errorIndex, "Error should be present")
-	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, requestIDIndex, "RequestId should be present")
-	assert.NotContains(t, xmlString, "<ResponseMetadata>")
-	assert.Less(t, errorIndex, requestIDIndex, "RequestId should appear after Error at the root level")
-}
diff --git a/weed/iam/responses.go b/weed/iam/responses.go
index ac78c5ba7..c64b3ce23 100644
--- a/weed/iam/responses.go
+++ b/weed/iam/responses.go
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ package iam
 
 import (
 	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/iam"
 )
@@ -15,9 +13,14 @@ type CommonResponse struct {
 	} `xml:"ResponseMetadata"`
 }
 
-// SetRequestId sets a unique request ID based on current timestamp.
-func (r *CommonResponse) SetRequestId() {
-	r.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = newRequestID()
+// SetRequestId stores the request ID generated for the current HTTP request.
+func (r *CommonResponse) SetRequestId(requestID string) {
+	r.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = requestID
+}
+
+// RequestIDSetter is implemented by IAM responses that can carry a RequestId.
+type RequestIDSetter interface {
+	SetRequestId(string)
 }
 
 // ListUsersResponse is the response for ListUsers action.
@@ -187,6 +190,7 @@ type GetUserPolicyResponse struct {
 }
 
 // ErrorResponse is the IAM error response format.
+// AWS IAM uses a bare <RequestId> at root level for errors, not <ResponseMetadata>.
 type ErrorResponse struct {
 	XMLName xml.Name `xml:"https://iam.amazonaws.com/doc/2010-05-08/ ErrorResponse"`
 	Error   struct {
@@ -196,13 +200,9 @@ type ErrorResponse struct {
 	RequestId string `xml:"RequestId"`
 }
 
-// SetRequestId sets a unique request ID based on current timestamp.
-func (r *ErrorResponse) SetRequestId() {
-	r.RequestId = newRequestID()
-}
-
-func newRequestID() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+// SetRequestId stores the request ID generated for the current HTTP request.
+func (r *ErrorResponse) SetRequestId(requestID string) {
+	r.RequestId = requestID
 }
 
 // Error represents an IAM API error with code and underlying error.
diff --git a/weed/iam/responses_test.go b/weed/iam/responses_test.go
index daf2afc85..d5ecdfbba 100644
--- a/weed/iam/responses_test.go
+++ b/weed/iam/responses_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestListUsersResponseXMLOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 	resp := ListUsersResponse{}
-	resp.SetRequestId()
+	resp.SetRequestId("test-req-id")
 
 	output, err := xml.Marshal(resp)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -22,5 +22,31 @@ func TestListUsersResponseXMLOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, listUsersResultIndex, "ListUsersResult should be present")
 	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, responseMetadataIndex, "ResponseMetadata should be present")
-	assert.Less(t, listUsersResultIndex, responseMetadataIndex, "ListUsersResult should appear before ResponseMetadata")
+	assert.Less(t, listUsersResultIndex, responseMetadataIndex,
+		"ListUsersResult should appear before ResponseMetadata")
+}
+
+func TestErrorResponseXMLUsesTopLevelRequestId(t *testing.T) {
+	errCode := "NoSuchEntity"
+	errMsg := "the requested IAM entity does not exist"
+
+	resp := ErrorResponse{}
+	resp.Error.Type = "Sender"
+	resp.Error.Code = &errCode
+	resp.Error.Message = &errMsg
+	resp.SetRequestId("request-123")
+
+	output, err := xml.Marshal(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	xmlString := string(output)
+	errorIndex := strings.Index(xmlString, "<Error>")
+	requestIDIndex := strings.Index(xmlString, "<RequestId>request-123</RequestId>")
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, errorIndex, "Error should be present")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, -1, requestIDIndex, "RequestId should be present")
+	assert.NotContains(t, xmlString, "<ResponseMetadata>",
+		"ErrorResponse should use bare RequestId, not ResponseMetadata wrapper")
+	assert.Less(t, errorIndex, requestIDIndex,
+		"RequestId should appear after Error at the root level")
 }
diff --git a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_handlers.go b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_handlers.go
index f187c9067..1ab3c1282 100644
--- a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_handlers.go
+++ b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_handlers.go
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
 )
 
-func newErrorResponse(errCode string, errMsg string) ErrorResponse {
+func newErrorResponse(errCode string, errMsg string, requestID string) ErrorResponse {
 	errorResp := ErrorResponse{}
 	errorResp.Error.Type = "Sender"
 	errorResp.Error.Code = &errCode
 	errorResp.Error.Message = &errMsg
-	errorResp.SetRequestId()
+	errorResp.SetRequestId(requestID)
 	return errorResp
 }
 
-func writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iamError *IamError) {
-
+func writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, reqID string, iamError *IamError) {
 	if iamError == nil {
-		// Do nothing if there is no error
-		glog.Errorf("No error found")
+		glog.Errorf("writeIamErrorResponse called with nil error")
+		internalResp := newErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error", reqID)
+		s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError, internalResp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ func writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iamError *Iam
 	errMsg := iamError.Error.Error()
 	glog.Errorf("Response %+v", errMsg)
 
-	errorResp := newErrorResponse(errCode, errMsg)
-	internalErrorResponse := newErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error")
+	errorResp := newErrorResponse(errCode, errMsg, reqID)
+	internalErrorResponse := newErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error", reqID)
 
 	switch errCode {
 	case iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException:
diff --git a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_management_handlers.go b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_management_handlers.go
index e56ab45b2..c2141e6cd 100644
--- a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_management_handlers.go
+++ b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_management_handlers.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb/iam_pb"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/policy_engine"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 )
 
 // Constants from shared package
@@ -162,14 +163,16 @@ func validateAccessKeyStatus(status string) error {
 	}
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) ListUsers(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp ListUsersResponse) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) ListUsers(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *ListUsersResponse) {
+	resp = &ListUsersResponse{}
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		resp.ListUsersResult.Users = append(resp.ListUsersResult.Users, &iam.User{UserName: &ident.Name})
 	}
 	return resp
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp ListAccessKeysResponse) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *ListAccessKeysResponse) {
+	resp = &ListAccessKeysResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName != "" && userName != ident.Name {
@@ -190,16 +193,31 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, value
 	return resp
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) CreateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp CreateUserResponse) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) CreateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *CreateUserResponse) {
+	resp = &CreateUserResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	resp.CreateUserResult.User.UserName = &userName
 	s3cfg.Identities = append(s3cfg.Identities, &iam_pb.Identity{Name: userName})
 	return resp
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (resp DeleteUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (resp *DeleteUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &DeleteUserResponse{}
 	for i, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName == ident.Name {
+			// Clean up any inline policies stored for this user
+			policies := Policies{}
+			if pErr := iama.s3ApiConfig.GetPolicies(&policies); pErr != nil && !errors.Is(pErr, filer_pb.ErrNotFound) {
+				return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: pErr}
+			}
+			if policies.InlinePolicies != nil {
+				if _, exists := policies.InlinePolicies[userName]; exists {
+					delete(policies.InlinePolicies, userName)
+					if pErr := iama.s3ApiConfig.PutPolicies(&policies); pErr != nil {
+						return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: pErr}
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			s3cfg.Identities = append(s3cfg.Identities[:i], s3cfg.Identities[i+1:]...)
 			return resp, nil
 		}
@@ -207,7 +225,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName
 	return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException, Error: fmt.Errorf(USER_DOES_NOT_EXIST, userName)}
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (resp GetUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (resp *GetUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &GetUserResponse{}
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName == ident.Name {
 			resp.GetUserResult.User = iam.User{UserName: &ident.Name}
@@ -217,13 +236,28 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName str
 	return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException, Error: fmt.Errorf(USER_DOES_NOT_EXIST, userName)}
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) UpdateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp UpdateUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) UpdateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *UpdateUserResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &UpdateUserResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	newUserName := values.Get("NewUserName")
 	if newUserName != "" {
 		for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 			if userName == ident.Name {
 				ident.Name = newUserName
+				// Move any inline policies from old username to new username
+				policies := Policies{}
+				if pErr := iama.s3ApiConfig.GetPolicies(&policies); pErr != nil && !errors.Is(pErr, filer_pb.ErrNotFound) {
+					return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: pErr}
+				}
+				if policies.InlinePolicies != nil {
+					if userPolicies, exists := policies.InlinePolicies[userName]; exists {
+						delete(policies.InlinePolicies, userName)
+						policies.InlinePolicies[newUserName] = userPolicies
+						if pErr := iama.s3ApiConfig.PutPolicies(&policies); pErr != nil {
+							return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: pErr}
+						}
+					}
+				}
 				return resp, nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -241,12 +275,13 @@ func GetPolicyDocument(policy *string) (policy_engine.PolicyDocument, error) {
 	return policyDocument, nil
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) CreatePolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp CreatePolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) CreatePolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *CreatePolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &CreatePolicyResponse{}
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 	policyDocumentString := values.Get("PolicyDocument")
 	policyDocument, err := GetPolicyDocument(&policyDocumentString)
 	if err != nil {
-		return CreatePolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
 	}
 	policyId := Hash(&policyName)
 	arn := fmt.Sprintf("arn:aws:iam:::policy/%s", policyName)
@@ -274,16 +309,17 @@ type IamError struct {
 }
 
 // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/APIReference/API_PutUserPolicy.html
-func (iama *IamApiServer) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp PutUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *PutUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &PutUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 	policyDocumentString := values.Get("PolicyDocument")
 	policyDocument, err := GetPolicyDocument(&policyDocumentString)
 	if err != nil {
-		return PutUserPolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
 	}
 	if _, err := GetActions(&policyDocument); err != nil {
-		return PutUserPolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeMalformedPolicyDocumentException, Error: err}
 	}
 
 	// Verify the user exists before persisting the policy
@@ -295,20 +331,20 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 		}
 	}
 	if targetIdent == nil {
-		return PutUserPolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException, Error: fmt.Errorf("the user with name %s cannot be found", userName)}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException, Error: fmt.Errorf("the user with name %s cannot be found", userName)}
 	}
 
 	// Persist inline policy to storage using per-user indexed structure
 	policies := Policies{}
 	if err = iama.s3ApiConfig.GetPolicies(&policies); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, filer_pb.ErrNotFound) {
-		return PutUserPolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
 	}
 
 	userPolicies := policies.getOrCreateUserPolicies(userName)
 	userPolicies[policyName] = policyDocument
 
 	if err = iama.s3ApiConfig.PutPolicies(&policies); err != nil {
-		return PutUserPolicyResponse{}, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
+		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
 	}
 
 	// Recompute aggregated actions (inline + managed)
@@ -321,7 +357,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp GetUserPolicyResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *GetUserPolicyResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &GetUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
@@ -404,7 +441,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // DeleteUserPolicy removes the inline policy from a user (clears their actions).
-func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp DeleteUserPolicyResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *DeleteUserPolicyResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &DeleteUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 
@@ -447,7 +485,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, val
 }
 
 // GetPolicy retrieves a managed policy by ARN.
-func (iama *IamApiServer) GetPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp GetPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) GetPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *GetPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &GetPolicyResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, iamError := parsePolicyArn(policyArn)
 	if iamError != nil {
@@ -472,7 +511,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) GetPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url
 
 // DeletePolicy removes a managed policy. Rejects deletion if the policy is still attached to any user
 // (matching AWS IAM behavior: must detach before deleting).
-func (iama *IamApiServer) DeletePolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp DeletePolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) DeletePolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *DeletePolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &DeletePolicyResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, iamError := parsePolicyArn(policyArn)
 	if iamError != nil {
@@ -509,7 +549,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DeletePolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // ListPolicies lists all managed policies.
-func (iama *IamApiServer) ListPolicies(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp ListPoliciesResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) ListPolicies(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *ListPoliciesResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &ListPoliciesResponse{}
 	policies := Policies{}
 	if err := iama.s3ApiConfig.GetPolicies(&policies); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, filer_pb.ErrNotFound) {
 		return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
@@ -529,7 +570,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) ListPolicies(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // AttachUserPolicy attaches a managed policy to a user.
-func (iama *IamApiServer) AttachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp AttachUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) AttachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *AttachUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &AttachUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, iamError := parsePolicyArn(policyArn)
@@ -574,7 +616,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) AttachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, val
 }
 
 // DetachUserPolicy detaches a managed policy from a user.
-func (iama *IamApiServer) DetachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp DetachUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) DetachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *DetachUserPolicyResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &DetachUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, iamError := parsePolicyArn(policyArn)
@@ -622,7 +665,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DetachUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, val
 }
 
 // ListAttachedUserPolicies lists the managed policies attached to a user.
-func (iama *IamApiServer) ListAttachedUserPolicies(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp ListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) ListAttachedUserPolicies(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *ListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse, iamError *IamError) {
+	resp = &ListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if ident.Name != userName {
@@ -714,7 +758,8 @@ func GetActions(policy *policy_engine.PolicyDocument) ([]string, error) {
 	return actions, nil
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp CreateAccessKeyResponse, iamErr *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *CreateAccessKeyResponse, iamErr *IamError) {
+	resp = &CreateAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	status := iam.StatusTypeActive
 
@@ -758,7 +803,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, valu
 }
 
 // UpdateAccessKey updates the status of an access key (Active or Inactive).
-func (iama *IamApiServer) UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp UpdateAccessKeyResponse, err *IamError) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *UpdateAccessKeyResponse, err *IamError) {
+	resp = &UpdateAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	accessKeyId := values.Get("AccessKeyId")
 	status := values.Get("Status")
@@ -788,7 +834,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, valu
 	return resp, &IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException, Error: fmt.Errorf(USER_DOES_NOT_EXIST, userName)}
 }
 
-func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp DeleteAccessKeyResponse) {
+func (iama *IamApiServer) DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (resp *DeleteAccessKeyResponse) {
+	resp = &DeleteAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	accessKeyId := values.Get("AccessKeyId")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
@@ -859,6 +906,8 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	policyLock.Lock()
 	defer policyLock.Unlock()
 
+	r, reqID := request_id.Ensure(r)
+
 	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		s3err.WriteErrorResponse(w, r, s3err.ErrInvalidRequest)
 		return
@@ -871,8 +920,7 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	glog.V(4).Infof("DoActions: %+v", values)
-	var response interface{}
-	var iamError *IamError
+	var response iamlib.RequestIDSetter
 	changed := true
 	switch r.Form.Get("Action") {
 	case "ListUsers":
@@ -886,32 +934,35 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		response = iama.CreateUser(s3cfg, values)
 	case "GetUser":
 		userName := values.Get("UserName")
-		response, iamError = iama.GetUser(s3cfg, userName)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.GetUser(s3cfg, userName)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "UpdateUser":
-		response, iamError = iama.UpdateUser(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			glog.Errorf("UpdateUser: %+v", iamError.Error)
-			s3err.WriteErrorResponse(w, r, s3err.ErrInvalidRequest)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.UpdateUser(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "DeleteUser":
 		userName := values.Get("UserName")
-		response, iamError = iama.DeleteUser(s3cfg, userName)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.DeleteUser(s3cfg, userName)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "CreateAccessKey":
 		iama.handleImplicitUsername(r, values)
-		response, iamError = iama.CreateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			glog.Errorf("CreateAccessKey: %+v", iamError.Error)
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.CreateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.Errorf("CreateAccessKey: %+v", err.Error)
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "DeleteAccessKey":
@@ -919,85 +970,94 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		response = iama.DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
 	case "UpdateAccessKey":
 		iama.handleImplicitUsername(r, values)
-		response, iamError = iama.UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "CreatePolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.CreatePolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			glog.Errorf("CreatePolicy:  %+v", iamError.Error)
-			s3err.WriteErrorResponse(w, r, s3err.ErrInvalidRequest)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.CreatePolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		// CreatePolicy persists the policy document via iama.s3ApiConfig.PutPolicies().
 		// The `changed` flag is false because this does not modify the main s3cfg.Identities configuration.
 		changed = false
 	case "PutUserPolicy":
-		var iamError *IamError
-		response, iamError = iama.PutUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			glog.Errorf("PutUserPolicy:  %+v", iamError.Error)
-
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.PutUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.Errorf("PutUserPolicy:  %+v", err.Error)
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "GetUserPolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.GetUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.GetUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "DeleteUserPolicy":
-		if response, iamError = iama.DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg, values); iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "GetPolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.GetPolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.GetPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "DeletePolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.DeletePolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.DeletePolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "ListPolicies":
-		response, iamError = iama.ListPolicies(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.ListPolicies(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "AttachUserPolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.AttachUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.AttachUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "DetachUserPolicy":
-		response, iamError = iama.DetachUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.DetachUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 	case "ListAttachedUserPolicies":
-		response, iamError = iama.ListAttachedUserPolicies(s3cfg, values)
-		if iamError != nil {
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamError)
+		var err *IamError
+		response, err = iama.ListAttachedUserPolicies(s3cfg, values)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, err)
 			return
 		}
 		changed = false
 	default:
 		errNotImplemented := s3err.GetAPIError(s3err.ErrNotImplemented)
-		errorResponse := newErrorResponse(errNotImplemented.Code, errNotImplemented.Description)
+		errorResponse := newErrorResponse(errNotImplemented.Code, errNotImplemented.Description, reqID)
 		s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, errNotImplemented.HTTPStatusCode, errorResponse)
 		return
 	}
@@ -1005,7 +1065,7 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		err := iama.s3ApiConfig.PutS3ApiConfiguration(s3cfg)
 		if err != nil {
 			var iamError = IamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
-			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, &iamError)
+			writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, &iamError)
 			return
 		}
 		// Reload in-memory identity maps so subsequent LookupByAccessKey calls
@@ -1017,5 +1077,6 @@ func (iama *IamApiServer) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	response.SetRequestId(reqID)
 	s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusOK, response)
 }
diff --git a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_server.go b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_server.go
index a7fe6da07..26eaf289f 100644
--- a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_server.go
+++ b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_server.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	. "github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/wdclient"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ func NewIamApiServerWithStore(router *mux.Router, option *IamServerOption, expli
 func (iama *IamApiServer) registerRouter(router *mux.Router) {
 	// API Router
 	apiRouter := router.PathPrefix("/").Subrouter()
+	apiRouter.Use(request_id.Middleware)
 	// ListBuckets
 
 	// apiRouter.Methods("GET").Path("/").HandlerFunc(track(s3a.iam.Auth(s3a.ListBucketsHandler, ACTION_ADMIN), "LIST"))
diff --git a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_test.go b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_test.go
index 9177c7d4a..509fc5745 100644
--- a/weed/iamapi/iamapi_test.go
+++ b/weed/iamapi/iamapi_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb/iam_pb"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/policy_engine"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -73,6 +74,21 @@ func TestListUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, response.Code)
 }
 
+func TestListUsersRequestIdMatchesResponseHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	params := &iam.ListUsersInput{}
+	req, _ := iam.New(session.New()).ListUsersRequest(params)
+	_ = req.Build()
+
+	out := ListUsersResponse{}
+	response, err := executeRequest(req.HTTPRequest, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, nil, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, response.Code)
+
+	headerRequestID := response.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, headerRequestID)
+	assert.Equal(t, headerRequestID, extractRequestID(response))
+}
+
 func TestListAccessKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	svc := iam.New(session.New())
 	params := &iam.ListAccessKeysInput{}
@@ -246,6 +262,7 @@ func TestPutUserPolicyError(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedCode, code)
 	assert.Contains(t, response.Body.String(), "<RequestId>")
 	assert.NotContains(t, response.Body.String(), "<ResponseMetadata>")
+	assert.Equal(t, response.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), extractRequestID(response))
 }
 
 func extractErrorCodeAndMessage(response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) (string, string) {
@@ -257,6 +274,15 @@ func extractErrorCodeAndMessage(response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) (string, st
 	return code, message
 }
 
+func extractRequestID(response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`<RequestId>([^<]+)</RequestId>`)
+	matches := re.FindStringSubmatch(response.Body.String())
+	if len(matches) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return matches[1]
+}
+
 func TestGetUserPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	userName := aws.String("Test")
 	params := &iam.GetUserPolicyInput{UserName: userName, PolicyName: aws.String("S3-read-only-example-bucket")}
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam.go b/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam.go
index 97123e413..5b65382be 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
 	. "github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )
 
@@ -157,18 +158,20 @@ const (
 	iamAccessKeyStatusInactive = iamlib.AccessKeyStatusInactive
 )
 
-func newIamErrorResponse(errCode string, errMsg string) iamErrorResponse {
+func newIamErrorResponse(errCode string, errMsg string, requestID string) iamErrorResponse {
 	errorResp := iamErrorResponse{}
 	errorResp.Error.Type = "Sender"
 	errorResp.Error.Code = &errCode
 	errorResp.Error.Message = &errMsg
-	errorResp.SetRequestId()
+	errorResp.SetRequestId(requestID)
 	return errorResp
 }
 
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iamErr *iamError) {
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, reqID string, iamErr *iamError) {
 	if iamErr == nil {
-		glog.Errorf("No error found")
+		glog.Errorf("writeIamErrorResponse called with nil error")
+		internalResp := newIamErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error", reqID)
+		s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError, internalResp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -176,8 +179,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) writeIamErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	errMsg := iamErr.Error.Error()
 	glog.Errorf("IAM Response %+v", errMsg)
 
-	errorResp := newIamErrorResponse(errCode, errMsg)
-	internalErrorResponse := newIamErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error")
+	errorResp := newIamErrorResponse(errCode, errMsg, reqID)
+	internalErrorResponse := newIamErrorResponse(iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, "Internal server error", reqID)
 
 	switch errCode {
 	case iam.ErrCodeNoSuchEntityException:
@@ -230,8 +233,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ReloadConfiguration() error {
 }
 
 // ListUsers lists all IAM users.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListUsers(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) iamListUsersResponse {
-	var resp iamListUsersResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListUsers(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) *iamListUsersResponse {
+	resp := &iamListUsersResponse{}
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		resp.ListUsersResult.Users = append(resp.ListUsersResult.Users, &iam.User{UserName: &ident.Name})
 	}
@@ -239,8 +242,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListUsers(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.
 }
 
 // ListAccessKeys lists access keys for a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) iamListAccessKeysResponse {
-	var resp iamListAccessKeysResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) *iamListAccessKeysResponse {
+	resp := &iamListAccessKeysResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName != "" && userName != ident.Name {
@@ -265,8 +268,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAccessKeys(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // CreateUser creates a new IAM user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamCreateUserResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamCreateUserResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamCreateUserResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamCreateUserResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 
 	// Validate UserName is not empty
@@ -287,8 +290,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url
 }
 
 // DeleteUser deletes an IAM user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (iamDeleteUserResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamDeleteUserResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (*iamDeleteUserResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamDeleteUserResponse{}
 	for i, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName == ident.Name {
 			// AWS IAM behavior: prevent deletion if user has service accounts
@@ -308,8 +311,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName s
 }
 
 // GetUser gets an IAM user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (iamGetUserResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamGetUserResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName string) (*iamGetUserResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamGetUserResponse{}
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if userName == ident.Name {
 			resp.GetUserResult.User = iam.User{UserName: &ident.Name}
@@ -320,8 +323,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, userName stri
 }
 
 // UpdateUser updates an IAM user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamUpdateUserResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamUpdateUserResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamUpdateUserResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamUpdateUserResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	newUserName := values.Get("NewUserName")
 	if newUserName != "" {
@@ -338,8 +341,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateUser(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url
 }
 
 // CreateAccessKey creates an access key for a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamCreateAccessKeyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamCreateAccessKeyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamCreateAccessKeyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamCreateAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	status := iam.StatusTypeActive
 
@@ -372,8 +375,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, value
 }
 
 // DeleteAccessKey deletes an access key for a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) iamDeleteAccessKeyResponse {
-	var resp iamDeleteAccessKeyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) *iamDeleteAccessKeyResponse {
+	resp := &iamDeleteAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	accessKeyId := values.Get("AccessKeyId")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
@@ -400,8 +403,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicyDocument(policy *string) (policy_engine.Policy
 }
 
 // CreatePolicy validates and creates a new IAM managed policy.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamCreatePolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamCreatePolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamCreatePolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamCreatePolicyResponse{}
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 	policyDocumentString := values.Get("PolicyDocument")
 	if policyName == "" {
@@ -443,8 +446,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (i
 }
 
 // DeletePolicy deletes a managed policy by ARN.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamDeletePolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamDeletePolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamDeletePolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamDeletePolicyResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, err := iamPolicyNameFromArn(policyArn)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -485,8 +488,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (i
 }
 
 // ListPolicies lists managed policies.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamListPoliciesResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamListPoliciesResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamListPoliciesResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamListPoliciesResponse{}
 	pathPrefix := values.Get("PathPrefix")
 	if pathPrefix == "" {
 		pathPrefix = "/"
@@ -558,8 +561,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (i
 }
 
 // GetPolicy returns metadata for a managed policy.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamGetPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamGetPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamGetPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamGetPolicyResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, err := iamPolicyNameFromArn(policyArn)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -595,8 +598,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamG
 
 // ListPolicyVersions lists versions for a managed policy.
 // Current SeaweedFS implementation stores one version per policy (v1).
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicyVersions(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamListPolicyVersionsResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamListPolicyVersionsResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicyVersions(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamListPolicyVersionsResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamListPolicyVersionsResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	policyName, err := iamPolicyNameFromArn(policyArn)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -625,8 +628,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListPolicyVersions(ctx context.Context, values url.Valu
 
 // GetPolicyVersion returns the document for a specific policy version.
 // Current SeaweedFS implementation stores one version per policy (v1).
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicyVersion(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamGetPolicyVersionResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamGetPolicyVersionResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetPolicyVersion(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamGetPolicyVersionResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamGetPolicyVersionResponse{}
 	policyArn := values.Get("PolicyArn")
 	versionID := values.Get("VersionId")
 	if versionID == "" {
@@ -754,8 +757,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) getActions(policy *policy_engine.PolicyDocument) ([]str
 }
 
 // PutUserPolicy attaches a policy to a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamPutUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamPutUserPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamPutUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamPutUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyDocumentString := values.Get("PolicyDocument")
 	policyDocument, err := e.GetPolicyDocument(&policyDocumentString)
@@ -778,8 +781,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) PutUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // GetUserPolicy gets the policy attached to a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamGetUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamGetUserPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamGetUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamGetUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	policyName := values.Get("PolicyName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
@@ -845,8 +848,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 }
 
 // DeleteUserPolicy removes the inline policy from a user (clears their actions).
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamDeleteUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamDeleteUserPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamDeleteUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamDeleteUserPolicyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	for _, ident := range s3cfg.Identities {
 		if ident.Name == userName {
@@ -858,8 +861,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, valu
 }
 
 // AttachUserPolicy attaches a managed policy to a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) AttachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamAttachUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamAttachUserPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) AttachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamAttachUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamAttachUserPolicyResponse{}
 
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	if userName == "" {
@@ -926,8 +929,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) AttachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values
 }
 
 // DetachUserPolicy detaches a managed policy from a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DetachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamDetachUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamDetachUserPolicyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DetachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamDetachUserPolicyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamDetachUserPolicyResponse{}
 
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	if userName == "" {
@@ -971,8 +974,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DetachUserPolicy(ctx context.Context, values url.Values
 }
 
 // ListAttachedUserPolicies lists managed policies attached to a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAttachedUserPolicies(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (iamListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAttachedUserPolicies(ctx context.Context, values url.Values) (*iamListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamListAttachedUserPoliciesResponse{}
 
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	if userName == "" {
@@ -1056,8 +1059,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListAttachedUserPolicies(ctx context.Context, values ur
 // SetUserStatus enables or disables a user without deleting them.
 // This is a SeaweedFS extension for temporary user suspension, offboarding, etc.
 // When a user is disabled, all API requests using their credentials will return AccessDenied.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) SetUserStatus(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamSetUserStatusResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamSetUserStatusResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) SetUserStatus(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamSetUserStatusResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamSetUserStatusResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	status := values.Get("Status")
 
@@ -1083,8 +1086,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) SetUserStatus(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values
 
 // UpdateAccessKey updates the status of an access key (Active or Inactive).
 // This allows key rotation workflows where old keys are deactivated before deletion.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamUpdateAccessKeyResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamUpdateAccessKeyResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamUpdateAccessKeyResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamUpdateAccessKeyResponse{}
 	userName := values.Get("UserName")
 	accessKeyId := values.Get("AccessKeyId")
 	status := values.Get("Status")
@@ -1129,8 +1132,8 @@ func findIdentityByName(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, name string) *iam_pb.I
 }
 
 // CreateServiceAccount creates a new service account for a user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values, createdBy string) (iamCreateServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamCreateServiceAccountResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values, createdBy string) (*iamCreateServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamCreateServiceAccountResponse{}
 	parentUser := values.Get("ParentUser")
 	description := values.Get("Description")
 	expirationStr := values.Get("Expiration") // Unix timestamp as string
@@ -1239,8 +1242,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) CreateServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration,
 }
 
 // DeleteServiceAccount deletes a service account.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamDeleteServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamDeleteServiceAccountResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamDeleteServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamDeleteServiceAccountResponse{}
 	saId := values.Get("ServiceAccountId")
 
 	if saId == "" {
@@ -1272,8 +1275,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DeleteServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration,
 }
 
 // ListServiceAccounts lists service accounts, optionally filtered by parent user.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListServiceAccounts(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) iamListServiceAccountsResponse {
-	var resp iamListServiceAccountsResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListServiceAccounts(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) *iamListServiceAccountsResponse {
+	resp := &iamListServiceAccountsResponse{}
 	parentUser := values.Get("ParentUser") // Optional filter
 
 	for _, sa := range s3cfg.ServiceAccounts {
@@ -1307,8 +1310,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ListServiceAccounts(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, v
 }
 
 // GetServiceAccount retrieves a service account by ID.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamGetServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamGetServiceAccountResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamGetServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamGetServiceAccountResponse{}
 	saId := values.Get("ServiceAccountId")
 
 	if saId == "" {
@@ -1344,8 +1347,8 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) GetServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, val
 }
 
 // UpdateServiceAccount updates a service account's status, description, or expiration.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (iamUpdateServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
-	var resp iamUpdateServiceAccountResponse
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) UpdateServiceAccount(s3cfg *iam_pb.S3ApiConfiguration, values url.Values) (*iamUpdateServiceAccountResponse, *iamError) {
+	resp := &iamUpdateServiceAccountResponse{}
 	saId := values.Get("ServiceAccountId")
 	newStatus := values.Get("Status")
 	newDescription := values.Get("Description")
@@ -1543,7 +1546,11 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) AuthIam(f http.HandlerFunc, _ Action) http.HandlerFunc
 
 // ExecuteAction executes an IAM action with the given values.
 // If skipPersist is true, the changed configuration is not saved to the persistent store.
-func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, skipPersist bool) (interface{}, *iamError) {
+// reqID is set on the response; if empty, a new request ID is generated.
+func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, skipPersist bool, reqID string) (iamlib.RequestIDSetter, *iamError) {
+	if reqID == "" {
+		reqID = request_id.New()
+	}
 	// Lock to prevent concurrent read-modify-write race conditions
 	e.policyLock.Lock()
 	defer e.policyLock.Unlock()
@@ -1564,8 +1571,7 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 	}
 
 	glog.V(4).Infof("IAM ExecuteAction: %+v", values)
-	var response interface{}
-	var iamErr *iamError
+	var response iamlib.RequestIDSetter
 	changed := true
 	switch values.Get("Action") {
 	case "ListUsers":
@@ -1577,29 +1583,34 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 		response = e.ListAccessKeys(s3cfg, values)
 		changed = false
 	case "CreateUser":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.CreateUser(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "GetUser":
 		userName := values.Get("UserName")
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.GetUser(s3cfg, userName)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "UpdateUser":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.UpdateUser(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "DeleteUser":
 		userName := values.Get("UserName")
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.DeleteUser(s3cfg, userName)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "CreateAccessKey":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.CreateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			glog.Errorf("CreateAccessKey: %+v", iamErr.Error)
@@ -1608,6 +1619,7 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 	case "DeleteAccessKey":
 		response = e.DeleteAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
 	case "CreatePolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.CreatePolicy(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			glog.Errorf("CreatePolicy: %+v", iamErr.Error)
@@ -1615,6 +1627,7 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "DeletePolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.DeletePolicy(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			glog.Errorf("DeletePolicy: %+v", iamErr.Error)
@@ -1622,70 +1635,82 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "PutUserPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.PutUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			glog.Errorf("PutUserPolicy: %+v", iamErr.Error)
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "GetUserPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.GetUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "DeleteUserPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.DeleteUserPolicy(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "AttachUserPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.AttachUserPolicy(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "DetachUserPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.DetachUserPolicy(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "ListAttachedUserPolicies":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.ListAttachedUserPolicies(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "ListPolicies":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.ListPolicies(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "GetPolicy":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.GetPolicy(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "ListPolicyVersions":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.ListPolicyVersions(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "GetPolicyVersion":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.GetPolicyVersion(ctx, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "SetUserStatus":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.SetUserStatus(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "UpdateAccessKey":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.UpdateAccessKey(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
@@ -1693,11 +1718,13 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 	// Service Account actions
 	case "CreateServiceAccount":
 		createdBy := values.Get("CreatedBy")
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.CreateServiceAccount(s3cfg, values, createdBy)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 	case "DeleteServiceAccount":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.DeleteServiceAccount(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
@@ -1706,12 +1733,14 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 		response = e.ListServiceAccounts(s3cfg, values)
 		changed = false
 	case "GetServiceAccount":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.GetServiceAccount(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
 		}
 		changed = false
 	case "UpdateServiceAccount":
+		var iamErr *iamError
 		response, iamErr = e.UpdateServiceAccount(s3cfg, values)
 		if iamErr != nil {
 			return nil, iamErr
@@ -1722,8 +1751,7 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 	if changed {
 		if !skipPersist {
 			if err := e.PutS3ApiConfiguration(s3cfg); err != nil {
-				iamErr = &iamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
-				return nil, iamErr
+				return nil, &iamError{Code: iam.ErrCodeServiceFailureException, Error: err}
 			}
 		}
 		// Reload in-memory identity maps so subsequent LookupByAccessKey calls
@@ -1739,11 +1767,13 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) ExecuteAction(ctx context.Context, values url.Values, s
 			glog.Errorf("Failed to reload IAM configuration after managed policy mutation: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	return response, iamErr
+	response.SetRequestId(reqID)
+	return response, nil
 }
 
 // DoActions handles IAM API actions.
 func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	r, reqID := request_id.Ensure(r)
 	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		s3err.WriteErrorResponse(w, r, s3err.ErrInvalidRequest)
 		return
@@ -1759,15 +1789,11 @@ func (e *EmbeddedIamApi) DoActions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		values.Set("CreatedBy", createdBy)
 	}
 
-	response, iamErr := e.ExecuteAction(r.Context(), values, false)
+	response, iamErr := e.ExecuteAction(r.Context(), values, false, reqID)
 	if iamErr != nil {
-		e.writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, iamErr)
+		e.writeIamErrorResponse(w, r, reqID, iamErr)
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Set RequestId for AWS compatibility
-	if r, ok := response.(interface{ SetRequestId() }); ok {
-		r.SetRequestId()
-	}
 	s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusOK, response)
 }
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam_test.go b/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam_test.go
index 10429a236..5ad18db8a 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam_test.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3api_embedded_iam_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/policy_engine"
 	. "github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -156,6 +158,15 @@ func extractEmbeddedIamErrorCodeAndMessage(response *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
 	return "", ""
 }
 
+func extractEmbeddedIamRequestID(response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`<RequestId>([^<]+)</RequestId>`)
+	matches := re.FindStringSubmatch(response.Body.String())
+	if len(matches) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return matches[1]
+}
+
 // TestEmbeddedIamCreateUser tests creating a user via the embedded IAM API
 func TestEmbeddedIamCreateUser(t *testing.T) {
 	api := NewEmbeddedIamApiForTest()
@@ -199,6 +210,8 @@ func TestEmbeddedIamListUsers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Verify response contains the users
 	assert.Len(t, out.ListUsersResult.Users, 2)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, response.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader))
+	assert.Equal(t, response.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), out.ResponseMetadata.RequestId)
 }
 
 // TestEmbeddedIamListAccessKeys tests listing access keys via the embedded IAM API
@@ -1216,6 +1229,7 @@ func TestEmbeddedIamNotImplementedAction(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotImplemented, rr.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, rr.Body.String(), "<RequestId>")
 	assert.NotContains(t, rr.Body.String(), "<ResponseMetadata>")
+	assert.Equal(t, rr.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), extractEmbeddedIamRequestID(rr))
 }
 
 // TestGetPolicyDocument tests parsing of policy documents
@@ -1900,11 +1914,11 @@ func TestEmbeddedIamExecuteAction(t *testing.T) {
 	vals.Set("Action", "CreateUser")
 	vals.Set("UserName", "ExecuteActionUser")
 
-	resp, iamErr := api.ExecuteAction(context.Background(), vals, false)
+	resp, iamErr := api.ExecuteAction(context.Background(), vals, false, "")
 	assert.Nil(t, iamErr)
 
 	// Verify response type
-	createResp, ok := resp.(iamCreateUserResponse)
+	createResp, ok := resp.(*iamCreateUserResponse)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "ExecuteActionUser", *createResp.CreateUserResult.User.UserName)
 
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3api_server.go b/weed/s3api/s3api_server.go
index c88a1ea0b..8d2fe0f41 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3api_server.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3api_server.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/grace"
 	util_http "github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/http"
 	util_http_client "github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/http/client"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/wdclient"
 )
 
@@ -540,6 +541,7 @@ func (s3a *S3ApiServer) UnifiedPostHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 func (s3a *S3ApiServer) registerRouter(router *mux.Router) {
 	// API Router
 	apiRouter := router.PathPrefix("/").Subrouter()
+	apiRouter.Use(request_id.Middleware)
 
 	// S3 Tables API endpoint
 	// POST / with X-Amz-Target: S3Tables.<OperationName>
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3api_sts.go b/weed/s3api/s3api_sts.go
index 780a39141..8015f3595 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3api_sts.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3api_sts.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/iam/sts"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/iam/utils"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 )
 
 // STS API constants matching AWS STS specification
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ func (h *STSHandlers) getAccountID() string {
 // HandleSTSRequest is the main entry point for STS requests
 // It routes requests based on the Action parameter
 func (h *STSHandlers) HandleSTSRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	r, _ = request_id.Ensure(r)
 	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
 		h.writeSTSErrorResponse(w, r, STSErrInvalidParameterValue, err)
 		return
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ func (h *STSHandlers) handleAssumeRoleWithWebIdentity(w http.ResponseWriter, r *
 			SubjectFromWebIdentityToken: response.AssumedRoleUser.Subject,
 		},
 	}
-	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = request_id.GetFromRequest(r)
 
 	s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusOK, xmlResponse)
 }
@@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ func (h *STSHandlers) handleAssumeRole(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			AssumedRoleUser: assumedUser,
 		},
 	}
-	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = request_id.GetFromRequest(r)
 
 	s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusOK, xmlResponse)
 }
@@ -495,7 +497,7 @@ func (h *STSHandlers) handleAssumeRoleWithLDAPIdentity(w http.ResponseWriter, r
 			AssumedRoleUser: assumedUser,
 		},
 	}
-	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	xmlResponse.ResponseMetadata.RequestId = request_id.GetFromRequest(r)
 
 	s3err.WriteXMLResponse(w, r, http.StatusOK, xmlResponse)
 }
@@ -731,7 +733,7 @@ func (h *STSHandlers) writeSTSErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reque
 	}
 
 	response := STSErrorResponse{
-		RequestId: fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		RequestId: request_id.GetFromRequest(r),
 	}
 
 	// Server-side errors use "Receiver" type per AWS spec
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent.go b/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent.go
index 5d617ce1c..b63533f1c 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fluent/fluent-logger-golang/fluent"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/glog"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 )
 
 type AccessLogExtend struct {
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ func GetAccessLog(r *http.Request, HTTPStatusCode int, s3errCode ErrorCode) *Acc
 	}
 	return &AccessLog{
 		HostHeader:       hostHeader,
-		RequestID:        r.Header.Get("X-Request-ID"),
+		RequestID:        request_id.GetFromRequest(r),
 		RemoteIP:         remoteIP,
 		Requester:        s3_constants.GetIdentityNameFromContext(r), // Get from context, not header (secure)
 		SignatureVersion: r.Header.Get(s3_constants.AmzAuthType),
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent_test.go b/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfe2e788f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3err/audit_fluent_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package s3err
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetAccessLogUsesAmzRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/bucket/object", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(request_id.Set(req.Context(), "req-123"))
+
+	log := GetAccessLog(req, http.StatusOK, ErrNone)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "req-123", log.RequestID)
+}
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler.go b/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler.go
index 4f96b4ffb..ec819dfc8 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler.go
@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ package s3err
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/xml/xmlutil"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/glog"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 )
 
 type mimeType string
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ func WriteEmptyResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, statusCode int)
 }
 
 func WriteErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, errorCode ErrorCode) {
+	r, reqID := request_id.Ensure(r)
 	vars := mux.Vars(r)
 	bucket := vars["bucket"]
 	object := vars["object"]
@@ -49,19 +49,19 @@ func WriteErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, errorCode ErrorC
 	}
 
 	apiError := GetAPIError(errorCode)
-	errorResponse := getRESTErrorResponse(apiError, r.URL.Path, bucket, object)
+	errorResponse := getRESTErrorResponse(apiError, r.URL.Path, bucket, object, reqID)
 	WriteXMLResponse(w, r, apiError.HTTPStatusCode, errorResponse)
 	PostLog(r, apiError.HTTPStatusCode, errorCode)
 }
 
-func getRESTErrorResponse(err APIError, resource string, bucket, object string) RESTErrorResponse {
+func getRESTErrorResponse(err APIError, resource string, bucket, object, requestID string) RESTErrorResponse {
 	return RESTErrorResponse{
 		Code:       err.Code,
 		BucketName: bucket,
 		Key:        object,
 		Message:    err.Description,
 		Resource:   resource,
-		RequestID:  fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		RequestID:  requestID,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ func EncodeXMLResponse(response interface{}) []byte {
 }
 
 func setCommonHeaders(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	w.Header().Set("x-amz-request-id", fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	_, reqID := request_id.Ensure(r)
+	w.Header().Set(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader, reqID)
 	w.Header().Set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes")
 
 	// Handle CORS headers for requests with Origin header
diff --git a/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler_test.go b/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2108e195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/s3api/s3err/error_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package s3err
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestWriteErrorResponseReusesRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/bucket/object", nil)
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{
+		"bucket": "bucket",
+		"object": "object",
+	})
+	req = req.WithContext(request_id.Set(req.Context(), "req-123"))
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	WriteErrorResponse(rr, req, ErrNoSuchKey)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "req-123", rr.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader))
+	assert.Equal(t, "req-123", extractRequestIDFromBody(rr.Body.String()))
+}
+
+func extractRequestIDFromBody(body string) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`<RequestId>([^<]+)</RequestId>`)
+	matches := re.FindStringSubmatch(body)
+	if len(matches) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return matches[1]
+}
diff --git a/weed/s3api/sts_params_test.go b/weed/s3api/sts_params_test.go
index 600dbb963..6aca08ca2 100644
--- a/weed/s3api/sts_params_test.go
+++ b/weed/s3api/sts_params_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/pb/iam_pb"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3err"
+	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ func TestSTSAssumeRolePostBody(t *testing.T) {
 
 		assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusNotImplemented, rr.Code, "Should not return 501 (IAM handler)")
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rr.Code, "Should return 400 (STS handler) for missing params")
+		assert.Equal(t, rr.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), extractSTSRequestID(rr.Body.String()))
 	})
 
 	// Test Case 2: STS Action in Body (Should FAIL current implementation - routed to IAM)
@@ -155,6 +158,7 @@ func TestSTSAssumeRolePostBody(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		// Confirm it routed to STS
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, rr.Code, "Fixed behavior: Should return 503 from STS handler (service not ready)")
+		assert.Equal(t, rr.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), extractSTSRequestID(rr.Body.String()))
 	})
 
 	// Test Case 3: STS Action in Body with SigV4-style Authorization (Real-world scenario)
@@ -199,5 +203,15 @@ func TestSTSAssumeRolePostBody(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusNotImplemented, rr.Code, "Should not return 501 (IAM handler)")
 		assert.Contains(t, []int{http.StatusServiceUnavailable, http.StatusForbidden}, rr.Code,
 			"Should return 503 (STS unavailable) or 403 (auth failed), confirming STS routing")
+		assert.Equal(t, rr.Header().Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader), extractSTSRequestID(rr.Body.String()))
 	})
 }
+
+func extractSTSRequestID(body string) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`<RequestId>([^<]+)</RequestId>`)
+	matches := re.FindStringSubmatch(body)
+	if len(matches) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return matches[1]
+}
diff --git a/weed/server/common.go b/weed/server/common.go
index dfed891b4..32662ada9 100644
--- a/weed/server/common.go
+++ b/weed/server/common.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package weed_server
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/s3api/s3_constants"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/request_id"
 	"github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs/weed/util/version"
@@ -432,18 +430,12 @@ func ProcessRangeRequest(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter, totalSize int64
 
 func requestIDMiddleware(h http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		reqID := r.Header.Get(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader)
-		if reqID == "" {
-			reqID = uuid.New().String()
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader, reqID)
-		ctx = metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx,
-			metadata.New(map[string]string{
-				request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader: reqID,
-			}))
-
-		w.Header().Set(request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader, reqID)
-		h(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		request_id.Middleware(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			ctx := metadata.NewOutgoingContext(r.Context(),
+				metadata.New(map[string]string{
+					request_id.AmzRequestIDHeader: request_id.Get(r.Context()),
+				}))
+			h(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		})).ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/weed/util/request_id/request_id.go b/weed/util/request_id/request_id.go
index 0550cb58b..5379aea74 100644
--- a/weed/util/request_id/request_id.go
+++ b/weed/util/request_id/request_id.go
@@ -2,20 +2,25 @@ package request_id
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"time"
 )
 
 const AmzRequestIDHeader = "x-amz-request-id"
 
+type contextKey struct{}
+
 func Set(ctx context.Context, id string) context.Context {
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, AmzRequestIDHeader, id)
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, contextKey{}, id)
 }
 
 func Get(ctx context.Context) string {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	id, _ := ctx.Value(AmzRequestIDHeader).(string)
+	id, _ := ctx.Value(contextKey{}).(string)
 	return id
 }
 
@@ -24,3 +29,42 @@ func InjectToRequest(ctx context.Context, req *http.Request) {
 		req.Header.Set(AmzRequestIDHeader, Get(ctx))
 	}
 }
+
+func New() string {
+	var buf [4]byte
+	rand.Read(buf[:])
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%X%08X", time.Now().UTC().UnixNano(), buf)
+}
+
+// GetFromRequest returns the server-generated request ID from the context.
+func GetFromRequest(r *http.Request) string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return Get(r.Context())
+}
+
+// Ensure guarantees a server-generated request ID exists in the context.
+// It always generates a new ID if one is not already present in the context,
+// ignoring any client-sent x-amz-request-id header to prevent spoofing.
+func Ensure(r *http.Request) (*http.Request, string) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+	if id := Get(r.Context()); id != "" {
+		return r, id
+	}
+	id := New()
+	r = r.WithContext(Set(r.Context(), id))
+	return r, id
+}
+
+func Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		r, reqID := Ensure(r)
+		if w.Header().Get(AmzRequestIDHeader) == "" {
+			w.Header().Set(AmzRequestIDHeader, reqID)
+		}
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/weed/util/request_id/request_id_test.go b/weed/util/request_id/request_id_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac5f6bfe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weed/util/request_id/request_id_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package request_id
+
+import (
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var requestIDPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9A-F]+$`)
+
+func TestNewUsesUppercaseHexFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	id := New()
+	if !requestIDPattern.MatchString(id) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected uppercase hex request id, got %q", id)
+	}
+	if len(id) < 24 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected request id to be at least 24 characters, got %q (len=%d)", id, len(id))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewIsUnique(t *testing.T) {
+	a := New()
+	b := New()
+	if a == b {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unique request ids, got %q twice", a)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureIgnoresClientHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(AmzRequestIDHeader, "spoofed-id")
+
+	req, id := Ensure(req)
+	if id == "spoofed-id" {
+		t.Fatal("Ensure should not trust client-sent x-amz-request-id header")
+	}
+	if !requestIDPattern.MatchString(id) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected server-generated hex id, got %q", id)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureReusesContextID(t *testing.T) {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(Set(req.Context(), "ctx-id-123"))
+
+	req, id := Ensure(req)
+	if id != "ctx-id-123" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected context id ctx-id-123, got %q", id)
+	}
+}