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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/options/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Options
|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/deprecated_options/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Deprecated Options
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
branches
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/functions_categories_and_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
functions, categories and policies
|
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</span>
|
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|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/func_readdir/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
func.readdir
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/rename_and_link/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
rename and link
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/cache/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
caching
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/readahead/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
readahead
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/inodecalc/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
inodecalc
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
threads
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/pin-threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
pin-threads
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../config/link_cow/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
link_cow
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/fuse_msg_size/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
fuse_msg_size
|
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</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/follow-symlinks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
follow-symlinks
|
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</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/link-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
link-exdev
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/rename-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
rename-exdev
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/symlinkify/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
symlinkify
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/nullrw/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
nullrw
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/xattr/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
xattr
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/nfsopenhack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
nfsopenhack
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/statfs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
statfs / statvfs
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/flush-on-close/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
flush-on-close
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../config/export-support/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
export-support
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../error_handling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Error Handling
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../runtime_interfaces/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Runtime Interfaces
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../remote_filesystems/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Remote Filesystems
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../tips_notes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Tips and Notes
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../known_issues_bugs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Known Issues and Bugs
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../project_comparisons/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Project Comparisons
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../performance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Tweaking Performance
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Benchmarking
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Benchmarking
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table of contents
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#write-benchmark" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
write benchmark
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#read-benchmark" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
read benchmark
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#other-benchmarks" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
other benchmarks
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../tooling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Tooling
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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FAQ
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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FAQ
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../faq/reliability_and_scalability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Reliability and Scalability
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../faq/usage_and_functionality/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Usage and Functionality
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../faq/configuration_and_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Configuration and Policies
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../faq/compatibility_and_integration/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Compatibility and Integration
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<h1 id="benchmarking">Benchmarking</h1>
|
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<p>Filesystems are complicated. They do many things and many of those are
|
|
interconnected. Additionally, the OS, drivers, hardware, etc. can all
|
|
impact performance. Therefore, when benchmarking, it is <strong>necessary</strong>
|
|
that the test focuses as narrowly as possible.</p>
|
|
<p>For most throughput is the key benchmark. To test throughput <code>dd</code> is
|
|
useful but <strong>must</strong> be used with the correct settings in order to
|
|
ensure the filesystem or device is actually being tested. The OS can
|
|
and will cache data. Without forcing synchronous reads and writes
|
|
and/or disabling caching the values returned will not be
|
|
representative of the device's true performance.</p>
|
|
<p>When benchmarking through mergerfs ensure you only use 1 branch to
|
|
remove any possibility of the policies complicating the
|
|
situation. Benchmark the underlying filesystem first and then mount
|
|
mergerfs over it and test again. If you're experiencing speeds below
|
|
your expectation you will need to narrow down precisely which
|
|
component is leading to the slowdown. Preferably test the following in
|
|
the order listed (but not combined).</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Enable <code>nullrw</code> mode with <code>nullrw=true</code>. This will effectively make
|
|
reads and writes no-ops. Removing the underlying device /
|
|
filesystem from the equation. This will give us the top theoretical
|
|
speeds.</li>
|
|
<li>Mount mergerfs over <code>tmpfs</code>. <code>tmpfs</code> is a RAM disk. Extremely high
|
|
speed and very low latency. This is a more realistic best case
|
|
scenario. Example: <code>mount -t tmpfs -o size=2G tmpfs /tmp/tmpfs</code></li>
|
|
<li>Mount mergerfs over a local device. NVMe, SSD, HDD, etc. If you
|
|
have more than one I'd suggest testing each of them as drives
|
|
and/or controllers (their drivers) could impact performance.</li>
|
|
<li>Finally, if you intend to use mergerfs with a network filesystem,
|
|
either as the source of data or to combine with another through
|
|
mergerfs, test each of those alone as above.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>Once you find the component which has the performance issue you can do
|
|
further testing with different options to see if they impact
|
|
performance. For reads and writes the most relevant would be:
|
|
<code>cache.files</code>, <code>async_read</code>. Less likely but relevant when using NFS
|
|
or with certain filesystems would be <code>security_capability</code>, <code>xattr</code>,
|
|
and <code>posix_acl</code>. If you find a specific system, device, filesystem,
|
|
controller, etc. that performs poorly contact trapexit so he may
|
|
investigate further.</p>
|
|
<p>Sometimes the problem is really the application accessing or writing
|
|
data through mergerfs. Some software use small buffer sizes which can
|
|
lead to more requests and therefore greater overhead. You can test
|
|
this out yourself by replacing <code>bs=1M</code> in the examples below with <code>ibs</code>
|
|
or <code>obs</code> and using a size of <code>512</code> instead of <code>1M</code>. In one example
|
|
test using <code>nullrw</code> the write speed dropped from 4.9GB/s to 69.7MB/s
|
|
when moving from <code>1M</code> to <code>512</code>. Similar results were had when testing
|
|
reads. Small writes overhead may be improved by leveraging a write
|
|
cache but in casual tests little gain was found. More tests will need
|
|
to be done before this feature would become available. If you have an
|
|
app that appears slow with mergerfs it could be due to this. Contact
|
|
trapexit so he may investigate further.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="write-benchmark">write benchmark</h3>
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/mergerfs/1GB.file bs=1M count=1024 oflag=nocache conv=fdatasync status=progress
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="read-benchmark">read benchmark</h3>
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>$ dd if=/mnt/mergerfs/1GB.file of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=nocache conv=fdatasync status=progress
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="other-benchmarks">other benchmarks</h3>
|
|
<p>If you are attempting to benchmark other behaviors you must ensure you
|
|
clear kernel caches before runs. In fact it would be a good deal to
|
|
run before the read and write benchmarks as well just in case.</p>
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>sync
|
|
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
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