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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="mergerfs - a featureful union filesystem">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://trapexit.github.io/mergerfs/config/branches/">
<link rel="prev" href="../deprecated_options/">
<link rel="next" href="../branches_mount_timeout/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.6.12">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css">
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</head>
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#branches" class="md-skip">
Skip to content
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
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<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
<a href="../.." title="mergerfs" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="mergerfs" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../logo.png" alt="logo">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
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<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
mergerfs
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branches
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme)" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to light mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for="__palette_1" hidden>
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</label>
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
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</label>
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to system preference" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_2">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to system preference" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg>
</label>
</form>
<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Share" aria-label="Share" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Initializing search
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.7.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M439.55 236.05 244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 0 0-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 0 1-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 40.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0-40.81"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
mergerfs
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="mergerfs" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="mergerfs" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../logo.png" alt="logo">
</a>
mergerfs
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.7.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M439.55 236.05 244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 0 0-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 0 1-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 40.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0-40.81"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
mergerfs
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../quickstart/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
QuickStart
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Installation
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Installation
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../setup/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Installation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../setup/upgrade/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Upgrade
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../setup/build/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Build
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../terminology/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Terminology
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../intro_to_filesystems/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Intro to Filesystems
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Config
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Config
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../options/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Options
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../deprecated_options/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Deprecated Options
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branches
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branches
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#branch-mode" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branch mode
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#minfreespace" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
minfreespace
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#globbing" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
globbing
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#branch-setup" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branch setup
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="branch setup">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#layout" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
layout
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#permissions-and-mode" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
permissions and mode
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="permissions and mode">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#mount-points" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
mount points
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#mounted-filesystems" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
mounted filesystems
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#formatting" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
formatting
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../branches_mount_timeout/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
branches-mount-timeout
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../functions_categories_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
functions, categories and policies
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../minfreespace/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
minfreespace
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../func_readdir/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
func.readdir
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../rename_and_link/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
rename and link
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../moveonenospc/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
moveonenospc
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cache/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
caching
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../readahead/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
readahead
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../inodecalc/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
inodecalc
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../threads/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
threads
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../pin-threads/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
pin-threads
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../link_cow/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
link_cow
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../fuse_msg_size/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
fuse_msg_size
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../follow-symlinks/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
follow-symlinks
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../link-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
link-exdev
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../rename-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
rename-exdev
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../symlinkify/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
symlinkify
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../nullrw/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
nullrw
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../xattr/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
xattr
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../nfsopenhack/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
nfsopenhack
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../statfs/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
statfs / statvfs
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../flush-on-close/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
flush-on-close
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../export-support/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
export-support
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../error_handling_and_logging/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Error Handling and Logging
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../runtime_interfaces/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Runtime Interfaces
</span>
</a>
</li>
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<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/edit/master/mkdocs/docs/config/branches.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<h1 id="branches">branches</h1>
<p>The <code>branches</code> argument is a colon (':') delimited list of paths to be
pooled together. It does not matter if the paths are on the same or
different filesystems nor does it matter <a href="../../faq/compatibility_and_integration/#what-filesystems-can-be-used-as-branches">the filesystem
type</a>
(within reason). Used and available space metrics will not be
duplicated for paths on the same filesystem and any features which
aren't supported by the underlying filesystem (such as file attributes
or extended attributes) will return the appropriate errors.</p>
<p>Branches currently have two options which can be set. A
<a href="#branch-mode">mode</a> which impacts whether or not the branch is
included in a policy calculation and a individual
<a href="#minfreespace">minfreespace</a> value. The values are set by
prepending an <code>=</code> at the end of a branch designation and using commas
as delimiters. Example: <code>/mnt/drive=RW,1234</code></p>
<h3 id="branch-mode">branch mode</h3>
<ul>
<li>RW: (read/write) - Default behavior. Will be eligible in all policy
categories.</li>
<li>RO: (read-only) - Will be excluded from <code>create</code> and <code>action</code>
policies. Same as a read-only mounted filesystem would be (though
faster to process).</li>
<li>NC: (no-create) - Will be excluded from <code>create</code> policies. You can't
create on that branch but you can change or delete.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="minfreespace">minfreespace</h3>
<p>Same purpose and syntax as the <a href="../minfreespace/">global option</a> but
specific to the branch. Defaults to the global value.</p>
<h3 id="globbing">globbing</h3>
<p>To make it easier to include multiple branches mergerfs supports
<a href="http://linux.die.net/man/7/glob">globbing</a>. <strong>The globbing tokens
MUST be escaped when using via the shell else the shell itself will
apply the glob itself.</strong></p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a># mergerfs /mnt/hdd\*:/mnt/ssd /media
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>The above line will use all directories in /mnt prefixed with <strong>hdd</strong>
as well as <strong>ssd</strong>.</p>
<p>To have the pool mounted at boot or otherwise accessible from related
tools use <code>/etc/fstab</code>.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a># &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt; &lt;type&gt; &lt;options&gt; &lt;dump&gt; &lt;pass&gt;
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>/mnt/hdd*:/mnt/ssd /media mergerfs minfreespace=16G 0 0
</span></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The globbing is done at mount or when updated using the
runtime API. If a new directory is added matching the glob after the
fact it will not be automatically included.</p>
<p>A convenient way to configure branches is to use
<a href="../../quickstart/#etcfstab-w-config-file">symlinks</a>.</p>
<h2 id="branch-setup">branch setup</h2>
<p>mergerfs does not require any special setup of branch paths in order
to be used however here are some suggestions.</p>
<h3 id="layout">layout</h3>
<p>When you have a large collection of storage devices, types of storage,
and types of interconnects it can be useful to have a verbose naming
convention. My preference is to create a directory within <code>/mnt/</code> for
each major type of storage device and/or interconnect. <code>hdd</code> for
traditional hard drives; <code>ssd</code> for slower SATA based SSDs; <code>nvme</code> for
M.2 or U.2 NVME SSDs; <code>remote</code> for NFS, SMB, sshfs, etc.</p>
<p>The mount points within those directories are named after the size of
the storage and its serial number in the case of physical storage and
the hostname and remote filesystem for remote.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>$ ls -lh /mnt/
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>total 16K
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4.0K Aug 18 2024 hdd
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a>drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Oct 8 2024 nvme
</span><span id="__span-2-5"><a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Aug 24 2024 remote
</span><span id="__span-2-6"><a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a>drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Jul 14 2024 ssd
</span><span id="__span-2-7"><a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-8"><a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a>$ ls -lh /mnt/hdd/
</span><span id="__span-2-9"><a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a>total 8K
</span><span id="__span-2-10"><a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 14 15:58 10T-01234567
</span><span id="__span-2-11"><a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 12 20:51 20T-12345678
</span><span id="__span-2-12"><a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-13"><a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a>$ ls -lh /mnt/nvme/
</span><span id="__span-2-14"><a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a>total 8K
</span><span id="__span-2-15"><a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 14 16:00 1T-ABCDEFGH
</span><span id="__span-2-16"><a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 14 23:24 1T-BCDEFGHI
</span><span id="__span-2-17"><a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-18"><a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a>$ ls -lh /mnt/remote/
</span><span id="__span-2-19"><a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a>total 8K
</span><span id="__span-2-20"><a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 12 20:23 foo-sshfs
</span><span id="__span-2-21"><a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a>d--------- 2 root root 4.0K Apr 12 20:24 bar-nfs
</span><span id="__span-2-22"><a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-23"><a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a># You can find the serial number of a drive using lsblk
</span><span id="__span-2-24"><a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a>$ lsblk -d -o NAME,PATH,SIZE,SERIAL
</span><span id="__span-2-25"><a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a>NAME PATH SIZE SERIAL
</span><span id="__span-2-26"><a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a>sda /dev/sda 9.1T 01234567
</span><span id="__span-2-27"><a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a>sdb /dev/sdb 18.2T 12345678
</span><span id="__span-2-28"><a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a>nvme0n1 /dev/nvme0n1 953.9G ABCDEFGH
</span><span id="__span-2-29"><a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a>nvme1n1 /dev/nvme1n1 953.9G BCDEFGHI
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="permissions-and-mode">permissions and mode</h3>
<h4 id="mount-points">mount points</h4>
<p>To ensure the directory is <strong>only</strong> used as a point to mount another
filesystem it is good to lock it down as much as possible. Be sure to
do this <strong>before</strong> mounting a filesystem to it.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>$ sudo chown root:root /mnt/hdd/10T-XYZ
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>$ sudo chmod 0000 /mnt/hdd/10T-XYZ
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>$ sudo setfattr -n user.mergerfs.branch_mounts_here
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>$ sudo chattr +i /mnt/hdd/10T-XYZ
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>The extended attribute <code>user.mergerfs.branch_mounts_here</code> is used by
the <a href="../branches_mount_timeout/">branches-mount-timeout</a> option to
recognize whether or not a mergerfs branch path points to the intended
filesystem.</p>
<p>The <code>chattr</code> is likely to only work on EXT{2,3,4} filesystems but will
restrict even <code>root</code> from modifying the directory or its content.</p>
<h4 id="mounted-filesystems">mounted filesystems</h4>
<p>For those new to Linux, intending to be the primary individual logged
into the system, or simply want to simplify permissions it is
recommended to set the root of mounted filesystems like <code>/tmp/</code> is set
to. Owned by <code>root</code>, <code>ugo+rwx</code> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_bit">sticky
bit</a> set.</p>
<p>This must be done <strong>after</strong> mounting the filesystem to the target
mount point.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>$ sudo chown root:root /mnt/hdd/10T-SERIALNUM
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>$ sudo chmod 1777 /mnt/hdd/10T-SERIALNUM
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a>$ sudo setfattr -n user.mergerfs.branch /mnt/hdd/10T-SERIALNUM
</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="formatting">formatting</h3>
<p>While even less relevant to mergerfs than the details above the topic
does com up regularly with mergerfs users. When it comes to
partitioning and formatting it is suggested to keep things
simple. Most users of mergerfs will be using the whole drive capacity
and as such have a singular partition and filesystem on that
partition. Something many people don't realize is that the partition
is not necessary and actually can become problematic.</p>
<p>Rather than creating paritions just format the block device. Let's use
<code>/dev/sda</code> as an example.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>$ lsblk -d -o NAME,PATH,SERIAL /dev/sda
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>NAME PATH SERIAL
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a>sda /dev/sda 01234567
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>$ sudo mkfs.ext4 -m0 -L 01234567 /dev/sda
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a>mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
</span><span id="__span-5-7"><a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a>Discarding device blocks: done
</span><span id="__span-5-8"><a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a>Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
</span><span id="__span-5-9"><a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a>Filesystem UUID: ede8bf96-9aff-464e-a4fb-a4ab8a197cd7
</span><span id="__span-5-10"><a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a>Superblock backups stored on blocks:
</span><span id="__span-5-11"><a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
</span><span id="__span-5-12"><a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-13"><a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a>Allocating group tables: done
</span><span id="__span-5-14"><a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>Writing inode tables: done
</span><span id="__span-5-15"><a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a>Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
</span><span id="__span-5-16"><a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a>Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>You can then use the serial number as the identifier in <code>fstab</code>.</p>
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a># &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount point&gt; &lt;type&gt; &lt;options&gt; &lt;dump&gt; &lt;pass&gt;
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>LABEL=01234567 /mnt/hdd/10TB-01234567 auto nofail 0 2
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Benefits of doing it this way?</p>
<ul>
<li>One less thing (partitions) to configure and worry about.</li>
<li>Guarantees alignment of blocks</li>
<li>Makes it easier to use the drive with different enclosures. Some
SATA to USB adapters use 4K blocks while the drive itself is using
512b. If you create partitions with one block size and move the
drive to a controller that uses the other the offset on the device
where the filesystem starts will be misinterpreted. It is possible
to manually fix this but it isn't well documented and avoidable.</li>
</ul>
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