mirror of https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs.git
1358 lines
29 KiB
1358 lines
29 KiB
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mergerfs
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Documentation
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HOW IT WORKS
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TERMINOLOGY
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BASIC SETUP
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OPTIONS
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FUNCTIONS, CATEGORIES and POLICIES
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ERROR HANDLING
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INSTALL
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BUILD
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UPGRADE
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RUNTIME INTERFACES
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TOOLING
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CACHING
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PERFORMANCE
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BENCHMARKING
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<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/tree/master/mkdocs/docs/pages/documentation/benchmarking.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="benchmarking">BENCHMARKING</h1>
|
|
<p>Filesystems are complicated. They do many things and many of those are
|
|
interconnected. Additionally, the OS, drivers, hardware, etc. can all
|
|
impact performance. Therefore, when benchmarking, it is <strong>necessary</strong>
|
|
that the test focuses as narrowly as possible.</p>
|
|
<p>For most throughput is the key benchmark. To test throughput <code>dd</code> is
|
|
useful but <strong>must</strong> be used with the correct settings in order to
|
|
ensure the filesystem or device is actually being tested. The OS can
|
|
and will cache data. Without forcing synchronous reads and writes
|
|
and/or disabling caching the values returned will not be
|
|
representative of the device's true performance.</p>
|
|
<p>When benchmarking through mergerfs ensure you only use 1 branch to
|
|
remove any possibility of the policies complicating the
|
|
situation. Benchmark the underlying filesystem first and then mount
|
|
mergerfs over it and test again. If you're experiencing speeds below
|
|
your expectation you will need to narrow down precisely which
|
|
component is leading to the slowdown. Preferably test the following in
|
|
the order listed (but not combined).</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Enable <code>nullrw</code> mode with <code>nullrw=true</code>. This will effectively make
|
|
reads and writes no-ops. Removing the underlying device /
|
|
filesystem from the equation. This will give us the top theoretical
|
|
speeds.</li>
|
|
<li>Mount mergerfs over <code>tmpfs</code>. <code>tmpfs</code> is a RAM disk. Extremely high
|
|
speed and very low latency. This is a more realistic best case
|
|
scenario. Example: <code>mount -t tmpfs -o size=2G tmpfs /tmp/tmpfs</code></li>
|
|
<li>Mount mergerfs over a local device. NVMe, SSD, HDD, etc. If you
|
|
have more than one I'd suggest testing each of them as drives
|
|
and/or controllers (their drivers) could impact performance.</li>
|
|
<li>Finally, if you intend to use mergerfs with a network filesystem,
|
|
either as the source of data or to combine with another through
|
|
mergerfs, test each of those alone as above.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>Once you find the component which has the performance issue you can do
|
|
further testing with different options to see if they impact
|
|
performance. For reads and writes the most relevant would be:
|
|
<code>cache.files</code>, <code>async_read</code>. Less likely but relevant when using NFS
|
|
or with certain filesystems would be <code>security_capability</code>, <code>xattr</code>,
|
|
and <code>posix_acl</code>. If you find a specific system, device, filesystem,
|
|
controller, etc. that performs poorly contact trapexit so he may
|
|
investigate further.</p>
|
|
<p>Sometimes the problem is really the application accessing or writing
|
|
data through mergerfs. Some software use small buffer sizes which can
|
|
lead to more requests and therefore greater overhead. You can test
|
|
this out yourself by replacing <code>bs=1M</code> in the examples below with <code>ibs</code>
|
|
or <code>obs</code> and using a size of <code>512</code> instead of <code>1M</code>. In one example
|
|
test using <code>nullrw</code> the write speed dropped from 4.9GB/s to 69.7MB/s
|
|
when moving from <code>1M</code> to <code>512</code>. Similar results were had when testing
|
|
reads. Small writes overhead may be improved by leveraging a write
|
|
cache but in casual tests little gain was found. More tests will need
|
|
to be done before this feature would become available. If you have an
|
|
app that appears slow with mergerfs it could be due to this. Contact
|
|
trapexit so he may investigate further.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="write-benchmark">write benchmark</h3>
|
|
<pre><code>$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/mergerfs/1GB.file bs=1M count=1024 oflag=nocache conv=fdatasync status=progress
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="read-benchmark">read benchmark</h3>
|
|
<pre><code>$ dd if=/mnt/mergerfs/1GB.file of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=nocache conv=fdatasync status=progress
|
|
</code></pre>
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<h3 id="other-benchmarks">other benchmarks</h3>
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<p>If you are attempting to benchmark other behaviors you must ensure you
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clear kernel caches before runs. In fact it would be a good deal to
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run before the read and write benchmarks as well just in case.</p>
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<pre><code>sync
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|
echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
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</code></pre>
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