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Terminology
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/options/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Options
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/deprecated_options/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Deprecated Options
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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branches
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/functions_categories_and_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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functions, categories and policies
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/func_readdir/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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func.readdir
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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caching
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/ioctl/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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ioctl
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/rename_and_link/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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rename and link
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/statfs/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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statfs / statvfs
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/flush-on-close/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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flush-on-close
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../error_handling/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Error Handling
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../runtime_interfaces/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Runtime Interfaces
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../remote_filesystems/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Remote Filesystems
|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../tips_notes/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Tips and Notes
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../known_issues_bugs/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Known Issues and Bugs
|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../project_comparisons/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Project Comparisons
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../performance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Tweaking Performance
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../benchmarking/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Benchmarking
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</span>
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../tooling/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Tooling
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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FAQ
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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FAQ
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../compatibility_and_integration/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Compatibility and Integration
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../configuration_and_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Configuration and Policies
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../general_information_and_overview/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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General Information and Overview
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../recommendations_and_warnings/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Recommendations and Warnings
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</a>
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</li>
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Technical Behavior and Limitations
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Technical Behavior and Limitations
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#do-hardlinks-work" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Do hardlinks work?
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#how-does-mergerfs-handle-moving-and-copying-of-files" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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How does mergerfs handle moving and copying of files?
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#does-ficlone-or-ficlonerange-work" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Does FICLONE or FICLONERANGE work?
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</a>
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</li>
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#why-do-i-get-an-out-of-space-no-space-left-on-device-enospc-error-even-though-there-appears-to-be-lots-of-space-available" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Why do I get an "out of space" / "no space left on device" / ENOSPC error even though there appears to be lots of space available?
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#why-does-the-total-available-space-in-mergerfs-not-equal-outside" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Why does the total available space in mergerfs not equal outside?
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</span>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#i-notice-massive-slowdowns-of-writes-when-enabling-cachefiles" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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I notice massive slowdowns of writes when enabling cache.files.
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#why-cant-i-see-my-files-directories" class="md-nav__link">
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Why can't I see my files / directories?
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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Usage and Functionality
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../limit_drive_spinup/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Limit drive spinup
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</span>
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|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<a href="../../related_projects/" class="md-nav__link">
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Related Projects
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</a>
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</li>
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</a>
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</li>
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</a>
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<a href="../../donations/" class="md-nav__link">
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Donations
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Do hardlinks work?
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</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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How does mergerfs handle moving and copying of files?
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I notice massive slowdowns of writes when enabling cache.files.
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/tree/master/mkdocs/docs/faq/technical_behavior_and_limitations.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="technical-behavior-and-limitations">Technical Behavior and Limitations</h1>
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<h2 id="do-hardlinks-work">Do hardlinks work?</h2>
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<p>Yes. See also the option <code>inodecalc</code> for how inode values are
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calculated.</p>
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<p>What mergerfs does not do is fake hard links across branches. Read
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the section "rename & link" for how it works.</p>
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<p>Remember that hardlinks will NOT work across devices. That includes
|
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between the original filesystem and a mergerfs pool, between two
|
|
separate pools of the same underlying filesystems, or bind mounts of
|
|
paths within the mergerfs pool. The latter is common when using Docker
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or Podman. Multiple volumes (bind mounts) to the same underlying
|
|
filesystem are considered different devices. There is no way to link
|
|
between them. You should mount in the highest directory in the
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|
mergerfs pool that includes all the paths you need if you want links
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|
to work.</p>
|
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<h2 id="how-does-mergerfs-handle-moving-and-copying-of-files">How does mergerfs handle moving and copying of files?</h2>
|
|
<p>This is a <em>very</em> common mistaken assumption regarding how filesystems
|
|
work. There is no such thing as "move" or "copy." These concepts are
|
|
high level behaviors made up of numerous independent steps and <em>not</em>
|
|
individual filesystem functions.</p>
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<p>A "move" can include a "copy" so lets describe copy first.</p>
|
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<p>When an application copies a file from source to destination it can do
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so in a number of ways but the basics are the following.</p>
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<ol>
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<li><code>open</code> the source file.</li>
|
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<li><code>create</code> the destination file.</li>
|
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<li><code>read</code> a chunk of data from source and <code>write</code> to
|
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destination. Continue till it runs out of data to copy.</li>
|
|
<li>Copy file metadata (<code>stat</code>) such as ownership (<code>chown</code>),
|
|
permissions (<code>chmod</code>), timestamps (<code>utimes</code>), extended attributes
|
|
(<code>getxattr</code>, <code>setxattr</code>), etc.</li>
|
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<li><code>close</code> source and destination files.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>"move" is typically a <code>rename(src,dst)</code> and if that errors with
|
|
<code>EXDEV</code> (meaning the source and destination are on different
|
|
filesystems) the application will "copy" the file as described above
|
|
and then it removes (<code>unlink</code>) the source.</p>
|
|
<p>The <code>rename(src,dst)</code>, <code>open(src)</code>, <code>create(dst)</code>, data copying,
|
|
metadata copying, <code>unlink(src)</code>, etc. are entirely distinct and
|
|
separate events. There is really no practical way to know that what is
|
|
ultimately occurring is the "copying" of a file or what the source
|
|
file would be. Since the source is not known there is no way to know
|
|
how large a created file is destined to become. This is why it is
|
|
impossible for mergerfs to choose the branch for a <code>create</code> based on
|
|
file size. The only context provided when a file is created, besides
|
|
the name, is the permissions, if it is to be read and/or written, and
|
|
some low level settings for the operating system.</p>
|
|
<p>All of this means that mergerfs can not make decisions when a file is
|
|
created based on file size or the source of the data. That information
|
|
is simply not available. At best mergerfs could respond to files
|
|
reaching a certain size when writing data or when a file is closed.</p>
|
|
<p>Related: if a user wished to have mergerfs perform certain activities
|
|
based on the name of a file it is common and even best practice for a
|
|
program to write to a temporary file first and then rename to its
|
|
final destination. That temporary file name will typically be random
|
|
and have no indication of the type of file being written.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="does-ficlone-or-ficlonerange-work">Does FICLONE or FICLONERANGE work?</h2>
|
|
<p>Unfortunately not. FUSE, the technology mergerfs is based on, does not
|
|
support the <code>clone_file_range</code> feature needed for it to work. mergerfs
|
|
won't even know such a request is made. The kernel will simply return
|
|
an error back to the application making the request.</p>
|
|
<p>Should FUSE gain the ability mergerfs will be updated to support it.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="why-do-i-get-an-out-of-space-no-space-left-on-device-enospc-error-even-though-there-appears-to-be-lots-of-space-available">Why do I get an "out of space" / "no space left on device" / ENOSPC error even though there appears to be lots of space available?</h2>
|
|
<p>First make sure you've read the sections above about policies, path
|
|
preservation, branch filtering, and the options <strong>minfreespace</strong>,
|
|
<strong>moveonenospc</strong>, <strong>statfs</strong>, and <strong>statfs_ignore</strong>.</p>
|
|
<p>mergerfs is simply presenting a union of the content within multiple
|
|
branches. The reported free space is an aggregate of space available
|
|
within the pool (behavior modified by <strong>statfs</strong> and
|
|
<strong>statfs_ignore</strong>). It does not represent a contiguous space. In the
|
|
same way that read-only filesystems, those with quotas, or reserved
|
|
space report the full theoretical space available.</p>
|
|
<p>Due to path preservation, branch tagging, read-only status, and
|
|
<strong>minfreespace</strong> settings it is perfectly valid that <code>ENOSPC</code> / "out
|
|
of space" / "no space left on device" be returned. It is doing what
|
|
was asked of it: filtering possible branches due to those
|
|
settings. Only one error can be returned and if one of the reasons for
|
|
filtering a branch was <strong>minfreespace</strong> then it will be returned as
|
|
such. <strong>moveonenospc</strong> is only relevant to writing a file which is too
|
|
large for the filesystem it's currently on.</p>
|
|
<p>It is also possible that the filesystem selected has run out of
|
|
inodes. Use <code>df -i</code> to list the total and available inodes per
|
|
filesystem.</p>
|
|
<p>If you don't care about path preservation then simply change the
|
|
<code>create</code> policy to one which isn't. <code>mfs</code> is probably what most are
|
|
looking for. The reason it's not default is because it was originally
|
|
set to <code>epmfs</code> and changing it now would change people's setup. Such a
|
|
setting change will likely occur in mergerfs 3.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="why-does-the-total-available-space-in-mergerfs-not-equal-outside">Why does the total available space in mergerfs not equal outside?</h2>
|
|
<p>Are you using ext2/3/4? With reserve for root? mergerfs uses available
|
|
space for statfs calculations. If you've reserved space for root then
|
|
it won't show up.</p>
|
|
<p>You can remove the reserve by running: <code>tune2fs -m 0 <device></code></p>
|
|
<h2 id="i-notice-massive-slowdowns-of-writes-when-enabling-cachefiles">I notice massive slowdowns of writes when enabling cache.files.</h2>
|
|
<p>When file caching is enabled in any form (<code>cache.files!=off</code>) it will
|
|
issue <code>getxattr</code> requests for <code>security.capability</code> prior to <em>every
|
|
single write</em>. This will usually result in performance degradation,
|
|
especially when using a network filesystem (such as NFS or SMB.)
|
|
Unfortunately at this moment, the kernel is not caching the response.</p>
|
|
<p>To work around this situation mergerfs offers a few solutions.</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Set <code>security_capability=false</code>. It will short circuit any call and
|
|
return <code>ENOATTR</code>. This still means though that mergerfs will
|
|
receive the request before every write but at least it doesn't get
|
|
passed through to the underlying filesystem.</li>
|
|
<li>Set <code>xattr=noattr</code>. Same as above but applies to <em>all</em> calls to
|
|
getxattr. Not just <code>security.capability</code>. This will not be cached
|
|
by the kernel either but mergerfs' runtime config system will still
|
|
function.</li>
|
|
<li>Set <code>xattr=nosys</code>. Results in mergerfs returning <code>ENOSYS</code> which
|
|
<em>will</em> be cached by the kernel. No future xattr calls will be
|
|
forwarded to mergerfs. The downside is that also means the xattr
|
|
based config and query functionality won't work either.</li>
|
|
<li>Disable file caching. If you aren't using applications which use
|
|
<code>mmap</code> it's probably simpler to just disable it altogether. The
|
|
kernel won't send the requests when caching is disabled.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h2 id="why-cant-i-see-my-files-directories">Why can't I see my files / directories?</h2>
|
|
<p>It's almost always a permissions issue. Unlike mhddfs and
|
|
unionfs-fuse, which runs as root and attempts to access content as
|
|
such, mergerfs always changes its credentials to that of the
|
|
caller. This means that if the user does not have access to a file or
|
|
directory than neither will mergerfs. However, because mergerfs is
|
|
creating a union of paths it may be able to read some files and
|
|
directories on one filesystem but not another resulting in an
|
|
incomplete set.</p>
|
|
<p>Whenever you run into a split permission issue (seeing some but not
|
|
all files) try using
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs-tools">mergerfs.fsck</a> tool to
|
|
check for and fix the mismatch. If you aren't seeing anything at all
|
|
be sure that the basic permissions are correct. The user and group
|
|
values are correct and that directories have their executable bit
|
|
set. A common mistake by users new to Linux is to <code>chmod -R 644</code> when
|
|
they should have <code>chmod -R u=rwX,go=rX</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>If using a network filesystem such as NFS or SMB (Samba) be sure to
|
|
pay close attention to anything regarding permissioning and
|
|
users. Root squashing and user translation for instance has bitten a
|
|
few mergerfs users. Some of these also affect the use of mergerfs from
|
|
container platforms such as Docker.</p>
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