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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Installation
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Installation
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="setup/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Installation
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="setup/upgrade/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Upgrade
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="setup/build/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Build
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="terminology/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Terminology
|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="intro_to_filesystems/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Intro to Filesystems
|
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|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Config
|
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|
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</span>
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Config
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="config/options/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Options
|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/deprecated_options/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Deprecated Options
|
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|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
branches
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/branches-mount-timeout/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
branches-mount-timeout
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/functions_categories_policies/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
functions, categories and policies
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/minfreespace/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
minfreespace
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/func_readdir/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
func.readdir
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/rename_and_link/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
rename and link
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/moveonenospc/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
moveonenospc
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/cache/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
caching
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/passthrough/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
passthrough.io
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/readahead/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
readahead
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/inodecalc/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
inodecalc
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
threads
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/pin-threads/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
pin-threads
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/proxy-ioprio/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
proxy-ioprio
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/link-cow/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
link-cow
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/fuse-msg-size/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
fuse-msg-size
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/follow-symlinks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
follow-symlinks
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/link-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
link-exdev
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/rename-exdev/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
rename-exdev
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/symlinkify/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
symlinkify
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/nullrw/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
nullrw
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/xattr/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
xattr
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/nfsopenhack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
nfsopenhack
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/statfs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
statfs / statvfs
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/flush-on-close/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
flush-on-close
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/export-support/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
export-support
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="config/kernel-permissions-check/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
kernel-permissions-check
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="error_handling_and_logging/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Error Handling and Logging
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="resource_usage/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Resource Usage and Management
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
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Runtime Interface
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Remote Filesystems
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Project Comparisons
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Benchmarking
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Tweaking Performance
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Extended Usage Patterns
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Limiting drive spinup
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<a href="https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs/edit/master/mkdocs/docs/index.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg>
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</a>
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<h1 id="mergerfs-a-featureful-union-filesystem">mergerfs - a featureful union filesystem</h1>
|
|
<p><strong>mergerfs</strong> is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_mount">union
|
|
filesystem</a> that makes
|
|
multiple storage devices or filesystems appear as a single unified
|
|
directory. Built on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace">FUSE (Filesystem in
|
|
Userspace)</a>, it
|
|
is designed to simplify how you manage files across several
|
|
independent filesystems without the complexity, fragility, or cost of
|
|
RAID or similar storage aggregation technologies.</p>
|
|
<p>Think of mergerfs as a smart pooling layer: you can combine any number
|
|
of <a href="faq/usage_and_functionality/#can-mergerfs-be-used-with-filesystems-which-already-have-data">existing
|
|
filesystems</a>
|
|
— whether they are on hard drives, SSDs, network shares, or other
|
|
mounted storage — into what looks like one large filesystem, while
|
|
still maintaining direct access to each individual filesystem. Unlike
|
|
RAID, there's no rebuild process if a device fails. You only lose the
|
|
files that were on that specific filesystem. You can also add or
|
|
remove filesystems at any time without restructuring your entire pool.</p>
|
|
<p>mergerfs excels at cost-effective storage expansion, making it ideal
|
|
for media libraries, backups, archival data, and other write-sometimes,
|
|
read-often workloads where you need lots of space but don't want
|
|
the overhead of traditional storage technologies.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Key advantages:</strong></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Mix and match filesystems of any size, type, or underlying device</li>
|
|
<li>No parity calculations or rebuild times</li>
|
|
<li>Add or remove filesystems on the fly</li>
|
|
<li>Direct access to files on individual filesystems when needed</li>
|
|
<li>Flexible policies for controlling where new files are created</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>For users seeking alternatives to mhddfs, unionfs, aufs, or DrivePool,
|
|
mergerfs offers a mature, actively maintained solution with extensive
|
|
configuration options and documentation. See the <a href="project_comparisons/">project comparisons
|
|
for more comparisons.</a></p>
|
|
<h2 id="features">Features</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Logically combine numerous filesystems/paths into a single
|
|
mount point (JBOFS: Just a Bunch of FileSystems)</li>
|
|
<li>Combine paths of the same or different filesystems</li>
|
|
<li>Ability to add or remove filesystems/paths without impacting the
|
|
rest of the data</li>
|
|
<li>Unaffected by individual filesystem failure</li>
|
|
<li>Configurable file creation placement</li>
|
|
<li>File IO <a href="config/passthrough/">passthrough</a> for near native IO
|
|
performance (where supported)</li>
|
|
<li>Works with filesystems of any size</li>
|
|
<li>Works with filesystems of <a href="faq/compatibility_and_integration/#what-filesystems-can-be-used-as-branches">almost any
|
|
type</a></li>
|
|
<li>Ignore read-only filesystems when creating files</li>
|
|
<li><a href="faq/technical_behavior_and_limitations/#do-hard-links-work">Hard links</a></li>
|
|
<li>Hard link <a href="config/link-cow/">copy-on-write / CoW</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="runtime_interface/">Runtime configurability</a></li>
|
|
<li>Support for extended attributes (xattrs)</li>
|
|
<li>Support for file attributes (chattr)</li>
|
|
<li>Support for POSIX ACLs</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="non-features">Non-features</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>RAID like redundancy (see <a href="https://www.snapraid.it">SnapRAID</a> and
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/qvr/nonraid">NonRAID</a>)</li>
|
|
<li>LVM/RAID style block device aggregation</li>
|
|
<li>Data integrity checks, snapshots, file versioning</li>
|
|
<li>Read/write overlays on top of read-only filesystems (like OverlayFS)</li>
|
|
<li>File whiteout</li>
|
|
<li>Splitting of files across branches</li>
|
|
<li>Active rebalancing of content</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="how-it-works">How it works</h2>
|
|
<p>mergerfs logically merges multiple filesystem paths together. Not
|
|
block devices, not filesystem mounts, just paths. It acts as a proxy
|
|
to the underlying filesystem paths. Combining the behaviors of some
|
|
functions and being a selector for others.</p>
|
|
<p>When the contents of a directory are requested mergerfs combines the
|
|
list of files from each directory, deduplicating entries, and returns
|
|
that list.</p>
|
|
<p>When a file or directory is created a policy is first run to determine
|
|
which branch will be selected for the creation.</p>
|
|
<p>For functions which change attributes or remove the file the behavior
|
|
may be applied to all instances found.</p>
|
|
<p>The way in which mergerfs behaves is controlled by the
|
|
<a href="config/options/">config / options / settings</a>. More specifically by
|
|
<a href="config/functions_categories_policies/">policies</a>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="visualization">Visualization</h3>
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>A + B = C
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>/disk1 /disk2 /merged
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>| | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>+-- /dir1 +-- /dir1 +-- /dir1
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>| | | | | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>| +-- file1 | | | +-- file1
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>| | +-- file2 | +-- file2
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a>| | +-- file3 | +-- file3
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a>| | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a>+-- /dir2 | +-- /dir2
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>| | | | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a>| +-- file4 | | +-- file4
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a>| | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-14"><a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>| +-- /dir3 +-- /dir3
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-15"><a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a>| | | | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-16"><a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>| | +-- file5 | +-- file5
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-17"><a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a>| | |
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-18"><a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a>+-- file6 | +-- file6
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-19"><a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>+-- file7 +-- file7 +-- file7
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="getting-started">Getting Started</h2>
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<p>Head to the <a href="quickstart/">quick start guide</a>.</p>
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<li>Like the software the documentation changes over time. Ensure that
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you are reading the documentation related to the version of the
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software you are using.</li>
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<li>The documentation is explicit, literal, and reasonably thorough. If
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a suspected feature is not mentioned it does not exist. Do not read
|
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into the wording. What is described is how it functions. If you feel
|
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like something is not explained sufficiently or missing please <a href="support/#contact-issue-submission">ask
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in one of the supported forums</a>
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and the docs will be updated.</li>
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<li>The search feature of MkDocs is not great. Searching for "literal
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