diff --git a/src/chmod.cpp b/src/chmod.cpp
index a37ffd3d..400a67d6 100644
--- a/src/chmod.cpp
+++ b/src/chmod.cpp
@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@ _chmod(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::chmod(i->full.c_str(),mode);
+      rv = ::chmod(paths[i].full.c_str(),mode);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/chown.cpp b/src/chown.cpp
index 9aac1735..5c8230c3 100644
--- a/src/chown.cpp
+++ b/src/chown.cpp
@@ -56,10 +56,9 @@ _chown(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::lchown(i->full.c_str(),uid,gid);
+      rv = ::lchown(paths[i].full.c_str(),uid,gid);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/link.cpp b/src/link.cpp
index 41cd7ac2..8fa1a0ed 100644
--- a/src/link.cpp
+++ b/src/link.cpp
@@ -92,10 +92,9 @@ _link(Policy::Func::Search  searchFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = oldpaths.begin(), ei = oldpaths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = oldpaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = _single_link(searchFunc,srcmounts,minfreespace,i->base,oldpath,newpath);
+      rv = _single_link(searchFunc,srcmounts,minfreespace,oldpaths[i].base,oldpath,newpath);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/mkdir.cpp b/src/mkdir.cpp
index 66193a79..1412d7ab 100644
--- a/src/mkdir.cpp
+++ b/src/mkdir.cpp
@@ -66,16 +66,17 @@ _mkdir(Policy::Func::Search  searchFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = createpaths.begin(), ei = createpaths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = createpaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      if(i->base != existingpath[0].base)
+      const string &createpath = createpaths[i].base;
+
+      if(createpath != existingpath[0].base)
         {
           const mergerfs::ugid::SetResetGuard ugid(0,0);
-          fs::clonepath(existingpath[0].base,i->base,dirname);
+          fs::clonepath(existingpath[0].base,createpath,dirname);
         }
 
-      fullpath = fs::make_path(i->base,fusepath);
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(createpath,fusepath);
 
       rv = ::mkdir(fullpath.c_str(),mode);
       if(rv == -1)
diff --git a/src/mknod.cpp b/src/mknod.cpp
index 2340aba3..c2332553 100644
--- a/src/mknod.cpp
+++ b/src/mknod.cpp
@@ -69,16 +69,17 @@ _mknod(Policy::Func::Search  searchFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = createpaths.begin(), ei = createpaths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = createpaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      if(i->base != existingpath[0].base)
+      const string &createpath = createpaths[0].base;
+
+      if(createpath != existingpath[0].base)
         {
           const mergerfs::ugid::SetResetGuard ugid(0,0);
-          fs::clonepath(existingpath[0].base,i->base,dirname);
+          fs::clonepath(existingpath[0].base,createpath,dirname);
         }
 
-      fullpath = fs::make_path(i->base,fusepath);
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(createpath,fusepath);
 
       rv = ::mknod(fullpath.c_str(),mode,dev);
       if(rv == -1)
diff --git a/src/policy_all.cpp b/src/policy_all.cpp
index 2ad14708..4113c2d0 100644
--- a/src/policy_all.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_all.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,31 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+int
+_all(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+    const string          &fusepath,
+    Paths                 &paths)
+{
+  int rv;
+  struct stat st;
+  string fullpath;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      const char *basepath;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        paths.push_back(Path(basepath,fullpath));
+    }
+
+  return paths.empty() ? (errno=ENOENT,-1) : 0;
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -45,22 +70,6 @@ namespace mergerfs
                     const size_t                minfreespace,
                     Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    int rv;
-    struct stat st;
-    string fullpath;
-
-    for(vector<string>::const_iterator
-          iter = basepaths.begin(), eiter = basepaths.end();
-        iter != eiter;
-        ++iter)
-      {
-        fullpath = fs::make_path(*iter,fusepath);
-
-        rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          paths.push_back(Path(*iter,fullpath));
-      }
-
-    return paths.empty() ? (errno=ENOENT,-1) : 0;
+    return _all(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_epmfs.cpp b/src/policy_epmfs.cpp
index 22bf8e56..2503439d 100644
--- a/src/policy_epmfs.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_epmfs.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,162 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+inline
+void
+_calc_epmfs(const struct statvfs  &fsstats,
+            const char            *basepath,
+            fsblkcnt_t            &epmfs,
+            const char           *&epmfsbasepath,
+            fsblkcnt_t            &mfs,
+            const char           *&mfsbasepath)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+  spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+  if(spaceavail > epmfs)
+    {
+      epmfs         = spaceavail;
+      epmfsbasepath = basepath;
+    }
+
+  if(spaceavail > mfs)
+    {
+      mfs         = spaceavail;
+      mfsbasepath = basepath;
+    }
+}
+
+static
+inline
+void
+_calc_mfs(const struct statvfs  &fsstats,
+          const char            *basepath,
+          fsblkcnt_t            &mfs,
+          const char           *&mfsbasepath)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+  spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+  if(spaceavail > mfs)
+    {
+      mfs         = spaceavail;
+      mfsbasepath = basepath;
+    }
+}
+
+static
+inline
+int
+_try_statvfs(const char    *basepath,
+             const string  &fullpath,
+             fsblkcnt_t    &epmfs,
+             const char   *&epmfsbasepath,
+             fsblkcnt_t    &mfs,
+             const char   *&mfsbasepath)
+{
+  int rv;
+  struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+  rv = ::statvfs(fullpath.c_str(),&fsstats);
+  if(rv == 0)
+    _calc_epmfs(fsstats,basepath,epmfs,epmfsbasepath,mfs,mfsbasepath);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static
+inline
+int
+_try_statvfs(const char  *basepath,
+             fsblkcnt_t  &mfs,
+             const char *&mfsbasepath)
+{
+  int rv;
+  struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+  rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
+  if(rv == 0)
+    _calc_mfs(fsstats,basepath,mfs,mfsbasepath);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static
+int
+_epmfs_create(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+              const string         &fusepath,
+              Paths                &paths)
+
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  epmfs;
+  fsblkcnt_t  mfs;
+  const char *basepath;
+  const char *mfsbasepath;
+  const char *epmfsbasepath;
+  string      fullpath;
+
+  mfs = 0;
+  epmfs = 0;
+  mfsbasepath = NULL;
+  epmfsbasepath = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = _try_statvfs(basepath,fusepath,epmfs,epmfsbasepath,mfs,mfsbasepath);
+      if(rv == -1)
+        _try_statvfs(basepath,mfs,mfsbasepath);
+    }
+
+  if(epmfsbasepath == NULL)
+    epmfsbasepath = mfsbasepath;
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(epmfsbasepath,
+                       fs::make_path(epmfsbasepath,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static
+int
+_epmfs(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+       const string         &fusepath,
+       Paths                &paths)
+
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  epmfs;
+  const char *basepath;
+  const char *epmfsbasepath;
+  string      fullpath;
+
+  epmfs = 0;
+  epmfsbasepath = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = ::statvfs(fullpath.c_str(),&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        _calc_mfs(fsstats,basepath,epmfs,epmfsbasepath);
+    }
+
+  if(epmfsbasepath == NULL)
+    return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(epmfsbasepath,
+                       fs::make_path(epmfsbasepath,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -46,60 +202,9 @@ namespace mergerfs
                       const size_t                minfreespace,
                       Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    fsblkcnt_t existingmfs;
-    fsblkcnt_t generalmfs;
-    string     fullpath;
-    string     generalmfspath;
-    string     existingmfspath;
-    vector<string>::const_iterator iter  = basepaths.begin();
-    vector<string>::const_iterator eiter = basepaths.end();
-
-    if(iter == eiter)
-      return (errno = ENOENT,-1);
-
-    existingmfs = 0;
-    generalmfs  = 0;
-    do
-      {
-        int rv;
-        struct statvfs  fsstats;
-        const string   &mountpoint = *iter;
-
-        rv = ::statvfs(mountpoint.c_str(),&fsstats);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            fsblkcnt_t  spaceavail;
-            struct stat st;
-
-            spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
-            if(spaceavail > generalmfs)
-              {
-                generalmfs     = spaceavail;
-                generalmfspath = mountpoint;
-              }
-
-            fullpath = fs::make_path(mountpoint,fusepath);
-            rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
-            if(rv == 0)
-              {
-                if(spaceavail > existingmfs)
-                  {
-                    existingmfs     = spaceavail;
-                    existingmfspath = mountpoint;
-                  }
-              }
-          }
-
-        ++iter;
-      }
-    while(iter != eiter);
-
-    if(existingmfspath.empty())
-      existingmfspath = generalmfspath;
-
-    paths.push_back(Path(existingmfspath,
-                         fullpath));
-
-    return 0;
+    if(type == Category::Enum::create)
+      return _epmfs_create(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
+
+    return _epmfs(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_ff.cpp b/src/policy_ff.cpp
index d81fa2d4..c26738fb 100644
--- a/src/policy_ff.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_ff.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,34 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+int
+_ff(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+    const string         &fusepath,
+    Paths                &paths)
+{
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int          rv;
+      struct stat  st;
+      const char  *basepath;
+      string       fullpath;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
+      if(rv == -1)
+        continue;
+
+      paths.push_back(Path(basepath,fullpath));
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -46,26 +74,6 @@ namespace mergerfs
                    const size_t                minfreespace,
                    Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    errno = ENOENT;
-    for(vector<string>::const_iterator
-          iter = basepaths.begin(), eiter = basepaths.end();
-        iter != eiter;
-        ++iter)
-      {
-        int         rv;
-        struct stat st;
-        string      fullpath;
-
-        fullpath = fs::make_path(*iter,fusepath);
-
-        rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            paths.push_back(Path(*iter,fullpath));
-            return 0;
-          }
-      }
-
-    return -1;
+    return _ff(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_ffwp.cpp b/src/policy_ffwp.cpp
index ab0dc45e..1b5cf5a5 100644
--- a/src/policy_ffwp.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_ffwp.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,46 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+int
+_ffwp(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+      const string         &fusepath,
+      Paths                &paths)
+{
+  const char *fallback;
+
+  fallback = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int          rv;
+      struct stat  st;
+      const char  *basepath;
+      string       fullpath;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          paths.push_back(Path(basepath,fullpath));
+          return 0;
+        }
+      else if(errno == EACCES)
+        {
+          fallback = basepath;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(fallback == NULL)
+    return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(fallback,
+                       fs::make_path(fallback,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -45,36 +85,6 @@ namespace mergerfs
                      const size_t                minfreespace,
                      Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    Path fallback;
-
-    errno = ENOENT;
-    for(vector<string>::const_iterator
-          iter = basepaths.begin(), eiter = basepaths.end();
-        iter != eiter;
-        ++iter)
-      {
-        int         rv;
-        struct stat st;
-        string      fullpath;
-
-        fullpath = fs::make_path(*iter,fusepath);
-
-        rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            paths.push_back(Path(*iter,fullpath));
-            return 0;
-          }
-        else if(errno == EACCES)
-          {
-            fallback.base = *iter;
-            fallback.full = fullpath;
-          }
-      }
-
-    if(!fallback.base.empty())
-      return (paths.push_back(fallback),0);
-
-    return -1;
+    return _ffwp(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_fwfs.cpp b/src/policy_fwfs.cpp
index 219de38e..d31760fc 100644
--- a/src/policy_fwfs.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_fwfs.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,77 @@
 using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
+using mergerfs::Policy;
+using mergerfs::Category;
+
+static
+int
+_fwfs_create(const Category::Enum::Type  type,
+             const vector<string>       &basepaths,
+             const string               &fusepath,
+             const size_t                minfreespace,
+             Paths                      &paths)
+{
+  for(size_t i = 0, size = basepaths.size(); i != size; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if(spaceavail < minfreespace)
+            continue;
+
+          paths.push_back(Path(basepath,
+                               fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath)));
+
+          return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return Policy::Func::mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+}
+
+static
+int
+_fwfs(const Category::Enum::Type  type,
+      const vector<string>       &basepaths,
+      const string               &fusepath,
+      const size_t                minfreespace,
+      Paths                      &paths)
+{
+  for(size_t i = 0, size = basepaths.size(); i != size; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      string fullpath;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+      rv = ::statvfs(fullpath.c_str(),&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if(spaceavail < minfreespace)
+            continue;
+
+          paths.push_back(Path(basepath,fullpath));
+
+          return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return Policy::Func::mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+}
 
 namespace mergerfs
 {
@@ -43,28 +114,9 @@ namespace mergerfs
                      const size_t                minfreespace,
                      Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    for(size_t i = 0, size = basepaths.size(); i != size; i++)
-      {
-        int rv;
-        const char *basepath;
-        struct statvfs fsstats;
-
-        basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
-        rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
-
-            spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
-            if(spaceavail > minfreespace)
-              {
-                paths.push_back(Path(basepath,
-                                     fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath)));
-                return 0;
-              }
-          }
-      }
-
-    return mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+    if(type == Category::Enum::create)
+      return _fwfs_create(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+
+    return _fwfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_lfs.cpp b/src/policy_lfs.cpp
index c972e4dd..9e844e3c 100644
--- a/src/policy_lfs.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_lfs.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,98 @@
 using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
+using mergerfs::Policy;
+using mergerfs::Category;
+
+static
+int
+_lfs_create(const Category::Enum::Type  type,
+            const vector<string>       &basepaths,
+            const string               &fusepath,
+            const size_t                minfreespace,
+            Paths                      &paths)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  lfs;
+  const char *lfsstr;
+
+  lfs    = -1;
+  lfsstr = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if((spaceavail > minfreespace) &&
+             (spaceavail < lfs))
+            {
+              lfs    = spaceavail;
+              lfsstr = basepath;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(lfsstr == NULL)
+    return Policy::Func::mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(lfsstr,
+                       fs::make_path(lfsstr,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static
+int
+_lfs(const Category::Enum::Type  type,
+     const vector<string>       &basepaths,
+     const string               &fusepath,
+     const size_t                minfreespace,
+     Paths                      &paths)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  lfs;
+  const char *lfsstr;
+
+  lfs    = -1;
+  lfsstr = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      string fullpath;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+      rv = ::statvfs(fullpath.c_str(),&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if((spaceavail > minfreespace) &&
+             (spaceavail < lfs))
+            {
+              lfs    = spaceavail;
+              lfsstr = basepath;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(lfsstr == NULL)
+    return Policy::Func::mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(lfsstr,
+                       fs::make_path(lfsstr,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
 
 namespace mergerfs
 {
@@ -46,39 +138,9 @@ namespace mergerfs
                     const size_t                minfreespace,
                     Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    fsblkcnt_t  lfs;
-    const char *lfsstr;
-
-    lfs    = -1;
-    lfsstr = NULL;
-    for(size_t i = 0, size = basepaths.size(); i != size; i++)
-      {
-        int rv;
-        const char *basepath;
-        struct statvfs fsstats;
-
-        basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
-        rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
-
-            spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
-            if((spaceavail > minfreespace) &&
-               (spaceavail < lfs))
-              {
-                lfs    = spaceavail;
-                lfsstr = basepath;
-              }
-          }
-      }
-
-    if(lfsstr == NULL)
-      return mfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
-
-    paths.push_back(Path(lfsstr,
-                         fs::make_path(lfsstr,fusepath)));
-
-    return 0;
+    if(type == Category::Enum::create)
+      return _lfs_create(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
+
+    return _lfs(type,basepaths,fusepath,minfreespace,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_mfs.cpp b/src/policy_mfs.cpp
index 6e7c72fb..ddd9719c 100644
--- a/src/policy_mfs.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_mfs.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,90 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+int
+_mfs_create(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+            const string         &fusepath,
+            Paths                &paths)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  mfs;
+  const char *mfsstr;
+
+  mfs = 0;
+  mfsstr = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      rv = ::statvfs(basepath,&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if(spaceavail > mfs)
+            {
+              mfs    = spaceavail;
+              mfsstr = basepath;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(mfsstr == NULL)
+    return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(mfsstr,
+                       fs::make_path(mfsstr,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static
+int
+_mfs(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+            const string  &fusepath,
+            Paths         &paths)
+{
+  fsblkcnt_t  mfs;
+  const char *mfsstr;
+
+  mfs = 0;
+  mfsstr = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int rv;
+      string fullpath;
+      const char *basepath;
+      struct statvfs fsstats;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+      rv = ::statvfs(fullpath.c_str(),&fsstats);
+      if(rv == 0)
+        {
+          fsblkcnt_t spaceavail;
+
+          spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
+          if(spaceavail > mfs)
+            {
+              mfs    = spaceavail;
+              mfsstr = basepath;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(mfsstr == NULL)
+    return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(mfsstr,
+                       fs::make_path(mfsstr,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -43,37 +127,9 @@ namespace mergerfs
                     const size_t                minfreespace,
                     Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    fsblkcnt_t mfs;
-    size_t     mfsidx;
-
-    mfs = 0;
-    for(size_t i = 0, size = basepaths.size();
-        i != size;
-        i++)
-      {
-        int rv;
-        struct statvfs fsstats;
-
-        rv = ::statvfs(basepaths[i].c_str(),&fsstats);
-        if(rv == 0)
-          {
-            fsblkcnt_t  spaceavail;
-
-            spaceavail = (fsstats.f_frsize * fsstats.f_bavail);
-            if(spaceavail > mfs)
-              {
-                mfs    = spaceavail;
-                mfsidx = i;
-              }
-          }
-      }
-
-    if(mfs == 0)
-      return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
-
-    paths.push_back(Path(basepaths[mfsidx],
-                         fs::make_path(basepaths[mfsidx],fusepath)));
-
-    return 0;
+    if(type == Category::Enum::create)
+      return _mfs_create(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
+
+    return _mfs(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/policy_newest.cpp b/src/policy_newest.cpp
index bb01fb8d..e4f8cf1e 100644
--- a/src/policy_newest.cpp
+++ b/src/policy_newest.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,44 @@ using std::string;
 using std::vector;
 using std::size_t;
 
+static
+int
+_newest(const vector<string> &basepaths,
+        const string         &fusepath,
+        Paths                &paths)
+{
+  time_t newest;
+  const char *neweststr;
+
+  newest = 0;
+  neweststr = NULL;
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = basepaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
+    {
+      int          rv;
+      struct stat  st;
+      const char  *basepath;
+      string       fullpath;
+
+      basepath = basepaths[i].c_str();
+      fullpath = fs::make_path(basepath,fusepath);
+
+      rv = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
+      if(rv == 0 && st.st_mtime > newest)
+        {
+          newest    = st.st_mtime;
+          neweststr = basepath;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if(neweststr == NULL)
+    return (errno=ENOENT,-1);
+
+  paths.push_back(Path(neweststr,
+                       fs::make_path(neweststr,fusepath)));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 namespace mergerfs
 {
   int
@@ -45,35 +83,6 @@ namespace mergerfs
                        const size_t                minfreespace,
                        Paths                      &paths)
   {
-    time_t newest;
-    string npath;
-    vector<string>::const_iterator niter;
-
-    newest = 0;
-    errno  = ENOENT;
-    for(vector<string>::const_iterator
-          iter = basepaths.begin(), eiter = basepaths.end();
-        iter != eiter;
-        ++iter)
-      {
-        int         rv;
-        struct stat st;
-        string      fullpath;
-
-        fullpath = fs::make_path(*iter,fusepath);
-
-        rv  = ::lstat(fullpath.c_str(),&st);
-        if(rv == 0 && st.st_mtime > newest)
-          {
-            newest = st.st_mtime;
-            niter  = iter;
-            npath  = fullpath;
-          }
-      }
-
-    if(newest)
-      return (paths.push_back(Path(*niter,npath)),0);
-
-    return -1;
+    return _newest(basepaths,fusepath,paths);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/readdir.cpp b/src/readdir.cpp
index 0d8f5817..b24b1952 100644
--- a/src/readdir.cpp
+++ b/src/readdir.cpp
@@ -57,15 +57,12 @@ _readdir(const vector<string>  &srcmounts,
   set<string> found;
   struct stat st = {0};
 
-  for(vector<string>::const_iterator
-        iter = srcmounts.begin(), enditer = srcmounts.end();
-      iter != enditer;
-      ++iter)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = srcmounts.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
       DIR *dh;
       string basepath;
 
-      basepath = fs::make_path(*iter,dirname);
+      basepath = fs::make_path(srcmounts[i],dirname);
       dh = ::opendir(basepath.c_str());
       if(!dh)
         continue;
diff --git a/src/removexattr.cpp b/src/removexattr.cpp
index 41a171e7..c6597fa6 100644
--- a/src/removexattr.cpp
+++ b/src/removexattr.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ _removexattr(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::lremovexattr(i->full.c_str(),attrname);
+      rv = ::lremovexattr(paths[i].full.c_str(),attrname);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/rename.cpp b/src/rename.cpp
index 9594c77a..6755796e 100644
--- a/src/rename.cpp
+++ b/src/rename.cpp
@@ -91,10 +91,9 @@ _rename(Policy::Func::Search  searchFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = oldpaths.begin(), ei = oldpaths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = oldpaths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = _single_rename(searchFunc,srcmounts,minfreespace,*i,newpath);
+      rv = _single_rename(searchFunc,srcmounts,minfreespace,oldpaths[i],newpath);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/rmdir.cpp b/src/rmdir.cpp
index 80023988..95768efd 100644
--- a/src/rmdir.cpp
+++ b/src/rmdir.cpp
@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@ _rmdir(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::rmdir(i->full.c_str());
+      rv = ::rmdir(paths[i].full.c_str());
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/setxattr.cpp b/src/setxattr.cpp
index c81aaaa4..0a5a14b3 100644
--- a/src/setxattr.cpp
+++ b/src/setxattr.cpp
@@ -259,10 +259,9 @@ _setxattr(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::lsetxattr(i->full.c_str(),attrname,attrval,attrvalsize,flags);
+      rv = ::lsetxattr(paths[i].full.c_str(),attrname,attrval,attrvalsize,flags);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/statfs.cpp b/src/statfs.cpp
index 3ae39c35..5aab37ed 100644
--- a/src/statfs.cpp
+++ b/src/statfs.cpp
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ _statfs(const vector<string> &srcmounts,
   vector<string>::const_iterator iter;
   vector<string>::const_iterator enditer;
 
-  for(iter = srcmounts.begin(), enditer = srcmounts.end(); iter != enditer; ++iter)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = srcmounts.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
       int rv;
       struct statvfs fsstat;
-      rv = ::statvfs(iter->c_str(),&fsstat);
+      rv = ::statvfs(srcmounts[i].c_str(),&fsstat);
       if(rv != 0)
         continue;
 
diff --git a/src/symlink.cpp b/src/symlink.cpp
index d35ecac5..0e10bc09 100644
--- a/src/symlink.cpp
+++ b/src/symlink.cpp
@@ -57,12 +57,11 @@ _symlink(Policy::Func::Create  createFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::iterator
-        i = newpathdirs.begin(), ei = newpathdirs.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = newpathdirs.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      i->full = fs::make_path(i->base,newpath);
+      newpathdirs[i].full = fs::make_path(newpathdirs[i].base,newpath);
 
-      rv = symlink(oldpath.c_str(),i->full.c_str());
+      rv = symlink(oldpath.c_str(),newpathdirs[i].full.c_str());
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/truncate.cpp b/src/truncate.cpp
index 01975589..40877450 100644
--- a/src/truncate.cpp
+++ b/src/truncate.cpp
@@ -57,10 +57,9 @@ _truncate(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::truncate(i->full.c_str(),size);
+      rv = ::truncate(paths[i].full.c_str(),size);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/unlink.cpp b/src/unlink.cpp
index b334f051..f718273a 100644
--- a/src/unlink.cpp
+++ b/src/unlink.cpp
@@ -55,10 +55,9 @@ _unlink(Policy::Func::Action  actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::unlink(i->full.c_str());
+      rv = ::unlink(paths[i].full.c_str());
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }
diff --git a/src/utimens.cpp b/src/utimens.cpp
index d7cdf898..a2559627 100644
--- a/src/utimens.cpp
+++ b/src/utimens.cpp
@@ -57,10 +57,9 @@ _utimens(Policy::Func::Action   actionFunc,
     return -errno;
 
   error = 0;
-  for(Paths::const_iterator
-        i = paths.begin(), ei = paths.end(); i != ei; ++i)
+  for(size_t i = 0, ei = paths.size(); i != ei; i++)
     {
-      rv = ::utimensat(0,i->full.c_str(),ts,AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+      rv = ::utimensat(0,paths[i].full.c_str(),ts,AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
       if(rv == -1)
         error = errno;
     }